Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the disordered regions (DRs) in the envelope and tegument proteins of three closely related herpesviruses: bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine herpesvirus 5 and suid herpesvirus 1. Tegument proteins showed a greater percentage of DRs than the envelope proteins did. Regions of disorder were found in the less conserved portions of the proteins, N-terminal and C-terminal regions, and, in a few cases, functionally important sites. The presence of DRs is an important factor in the evolution of viruses, representing points where positive pressure led to structural changes.
References
McGeoch DJ, Cook S (1994) Molecular phylogeny of the alphaherpesvirinae subfamily and a proposed evolutionary timescale. J Mol Biol 238(1):9–22
McGeoch DJ, Cook S, Dolan A, Jamieson FE, Telford EA (1995) Molecular phylogeny and evolutionary timescale for the family of mammalian herpesviruses. J Mol Biol 247(3):443–458
Wang N, Baldi PF, Gaut BS (2007) Phylogenetic analysis, genome evolution and the rate of gene gain in the Herpesviridae. Mol Phylogenet Evol 43(3):1066–1075
Davison AJ, Dargan DJ, Stow ND (2002) Fundamental and accessory systems in herpesviruses. Antiviral Res 56(1):1–11
Davison AJ (2002) Evolution of the herpesviruses. Vet Microbiol 86(1–2):69–88
Fauquet CM, Mayo MA, Maniloff J, Desselberger U, Ball LA (eds) (2005) Virus taxonomy: VIIIth report of the international committee on taxonomy of viruses. Elsevier, Academic Press, San Diego
Pomeranz LE, Reynolds AE, Hengartner CJ (2005) Molecular biology of pseudorabies virus: impact on neurovirology and veterinary medicine. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 69(3):462–500
Goldberg TL (2003) Application of phylogeny reconstruction and character-evolution analysis to inferring patterns of directional microbial transmission. Prev Vet Med 61(1):59–70
Thiry J, Keuser V, Muylkens B, Meurens F, Gogev S, Vanderplasschen A, Thiry E (2006) Ruminant alphaherpesviruses related to bovine herpesvirus 1. Vet Res 37(2):169–190
Muylkens B, Thiry J, Kirten P, Schynts F, Thiry E (2007) Bovine herpesvirus 1 infection and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis. Vet Res 38(2):181–209
Rissi DR, Raquel RR, Flores EF, Glaucia DK, Barros CSL (2007) Meningoencefalite por herpesvírus bovino-5. Pesq Vet Bras 27(7):251–260
Dunker AK, Lawson JD, Brown CJ, Williams RM, Romero P, Oh JS, Oldfield CJ, Campen AM, Ratliff CM, Hipps KW, Ausio J, Nissen MS, Reeves R, Kang C, Kissinger CR, Bailey RW, Griswold MD, Chiu W, Garner EC, Obradovic Z (2001) Intrinsically disordered protein. J Mol Graph Model 19(1):26–59
Dunker AK, Oldfield CJ, Meng J, Romero P, Yang JY, Chen JW, Vacic V, Obradovic Z, Uversky VN (2008) The unfoldomics decade: an update on intrinsically disordered proteins. BMC Genomics 9(Suppl 2):S1
Feng ZP, Zhang X, Han P, Arora N, Anders RF, Norton RS (2006) Abundance of intrinsically unstructured proteins in P. falciparum and other apicomplexan parasite proteomes. Mol Biochem Parasitol 150(2):256–267
Goh GK, Dunker AK, Uversky VN (2008) A comparative analysis of viral matrix proteins using disorder predictors. Virol J 5:126
Goh GK, Dunker AK, Uversky VN (2009) Protein intrinsic disorder and influenza virulence: the 1918 H1N1 and H5N1 viruses. Virol J 6:69
Schwyzer M, Ackermann M (1996) Molecular virology of ruminant herpesviruses. Vet Microbiol 53(1–2):17–29
Delhon G, Moraes MP, Lu Z, Afonso CL, Flores EF, Weiblen R, Kutish GF, Rock DL (2003) Genome of bovine herpesvirus 5. J Virol 77(19):10339–10347
Klupp BG, Hengartner CJ, Mettenleiter TC, Enquist LW (2004) Complete, annotated sequence of the pseudorabies virus genome. J Virol 78(1):424–440
Tamura K, Dudley J, Nei M, Kumar S (2007) MEGA4: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Mol Biol Evol 24(8):1596–1599
Vacic V, Uversky VN, Dunker AK, Lonardi S (2007) Composition profiler: a tool for discovery and visualization of amino acid composition differences. BMC Bioinformatics 8:211
McGeoch DJ, Dolan A, Ralph AC (2000) Toward a comprehensive phylogeny for mammalian and avian herpesviruses. J Virol 74:10401–10406
Davison AJ, Eberle R, Ehlers B, Hayward GS, McGeoch DJ, Minson AC, Pellett PE, Roizman B, Studdert MJ, Thiry E (2009) The order Herpesvirales. Arch Virol 154(1):171–177
Waterhouse AM, Procter JB, Martin DM, Clamp M, Barton GJ (2009) Jalview version 2—a multiple sequence alignment editor and analysis workbench. Bioinformatics 25(9):1189–1191
Sakaoka H, Kurita K, Iida Y, Takada S, Umene K, Kim YT, Ren CS, Nahmias AJ (1994) Quantitative analysis of genomic polymorphism of herpes simplex type 1 strains from six countries: studies of molecular evolution and molecular epidemiology of the virus. J Gen Virol 75:513–527
Dunker AK, Obradovic Z, Romero P, Garner EC, Brown CJ (2000) Intrinsic protein disorder in complete genomes. Genome Inform Ser Workshop Genome Inform 11:161–171
Brown CJ, Takayama S, Campen AM, Vise P, Marshall TW, Oldfield CJ, Williams CJ, Dunker AK (2002) Evolutionary rate heterogeneity in proteins with long disordered regions. J Mol Evol 55(1):104–110
Yang Z, Bielawski JP (2000) Statistical methods for detecting molecular adaptation. Trends Ecol Evol 15(12):496–503
Zhou ZH, Chen DH, Jakana J, Rixon FJ, Chiu W (1999) Visualization of tegument-capsid interactions and DNA in intact herpes simplex virus type 1 virions. J Virol 73(4):3210–3218
Böttcher S, Granzow H, Maresch C, Möhl B, Klupp BG, Mettenleiter TC (2007) Identification of functional domains within the essential large tegument protein pUL36 of pseudorabies virus. J Virol 81(24):13403–13411
Misra V, Walker S, Hayes S, O’Hare P (1995) The bovine herpesvirus alpha gene trans-inducing factor activates transcription by mechanisms different from those of its herpes simplex virus type 1 counterpart VP16. J Virol 69(9):5209–5216
Koonin EV (2005) Systemic determinants of gene evolution and function. Mol Syst Biol 1:1–2
Acknowledgments
Access to PONDR® was provided by Molecular Kinetics (Indianapolis, IN; 317-280-8737; E-mail: main@molecularkinetics.com). VL-XT is copyright©1999 by the WSU Research Foundation, all rights reserved. PONDR® is copyright©2004 by Molecular Kinetics, all rights reserved. We also would like to thank FAPEMIG and CNPq.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fonseca, A.A., Heinemann, M.B., Leite, R.C. et al. A comparative analysis of envelope and tegument proteins of suid herpesvirus 1, bovine herpesvirus 1 and bovine herpesvirus 5. Arch Virol 155, 1687–1692 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-010-0747-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-010-0747-4