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Genotypic testing for HIV-1 drug resistance using dried blood samples

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Abstract

In third-world countries, dried blood samples (DBS) are a convenient alternative to plasma for monitoring viral load during HIV-1 therapy. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of using DBS to perform HIV-1 drug resistance genotyping in a ViroSeq assay in which the protease and reverse transcriptase regions of the pol gene are analyzed. Fifty-seven antiretroviral genotypes from plasma samples were tested, and drug resistance genotypes were determined. Only 38.6% paired DBS samples were sequenced. Failure to amplify DNA from DBS samples generally correlated with plasma viral loads below log10 5.1. The majority of the mutations identified in plasma pol sequences were also found in their DBS counterpart, with a concordance in genotype interpretation of 96.4%. Several factors were identified that could potentially improve both the sensitivity and the quality of genotype data, such as sample storage conditions and sequence analysis. Therefore, DBS sampling is useful to determine viral load and drug resistance genotypes in HIV patients.

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Abbreviations

DBS:

Dried blood sample

P:

Plasma

HAART:

Highly active antiretroviral therapy

FDA:

Federal Drug Administration

PR:

Protease

RT:

Reverse transcriptase

NRTI:

Nucleoside/nucleotide RT inhibitor

NNRTI:

Non-nucleoside RT inhibitor

PI:

Protease inhibitor

VL:

Viral load

IMSS:

Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT-SALUD 2004-01-008). We thank Dr. Ana Ma. Cevallos for valuable comments and reviewing the manuscript, and Dr. Margarita Dehesa for inclusion of patients.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatria, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Cuauhtemoc 330 Col. Doctores, Delegacion Cuauhtemoc, Mexico City, 06720, Mexico

    Rosalia Lira, Hilda Valdez-Salazar, Guillermo Vazquez-Rosales, Othon Rojas-Montes, Martha Ruiz-Tachiquin, Angelica Maldonado-Rodríguez, Alejandro Gomez, Onofre Muñoz & Ma-Teresa Alvarez-Muñoz

  2. Centro Medico Nacional La Raza, IMSS, Clinica de Hepatitis, Hospital de Infectologia, Mexico City, Mexico

    Rocio Torres-Ibarra & Carlos Cano-Dominguez

Authors
  1. Rosalia Lira
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  2. Hilda Valdez-Salazar
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  3. Guillermo Vazquez-Rosales
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  4. Othon Rojas-Montes
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  5. Martha Ruiz-Tachiquin
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  6. Rocio Torres-Ibarra
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  7. Carlos Cano-Dominguez
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  8. Angelica Maldonado-Rodríguez
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  9. Alejandro Gomez
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  10. Onofre Muñoz
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  11. Ma-Teresa Alvarez-Muñoz
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ma-Teresa Alvarez-Muñoz.

Additional information

This work was supported by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología SALUD/CONACYT grant 2004-01-008.

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Lira, R., Valdez-Salazar, H., Vazquez-Rosales, G. et al. Genotypic testing for HIV-1 drug resistance using dried blood samples. Arch Virol 155, 1117–1125 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-010-0696-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-010-0696-y

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