Abstract
Because of their important role in the pathophysiology of severe RSV infection, IFNs represent an ideal group of candidate genes for determining RSV disease severity. We studied 14 polymorphisms within 7 genes involved in IFNs signalling. Our study populations consisted of 156 infants with severe RSV infection and 296 healthy control children. None of the genes showed association with severe RSV infection in children. Thus, despite the involvement of different IFNs in the pathophysiology of RSV infection, genetic variants in IFNG and related genes might not alter the risk for the development of severe RSV-associated diseases.
References
Pokrovskaja K, Panaretakis T, Grandér D (2005) Alternative signaling pathways regulating type I interferon-induced apoptosis. J Interferon Cytokine Res 25:799–810
Krause CD, Pestka S (2007) Historical developments in the research of interferon receptors. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 18:473–482
Sen GC (2001) Viruses and interferons. Annu Rev Microbiol 55:255–281
Openshaw PJ, Tregoning JS (2005) Immune responses and disease enhancement during respiratory syncytial virus infection. Clin Microbiol Rev 18:541–555
Chen ZM, Mao JH, Du LZ, Tang YM (2002) Association of cytokine responses with disease severity in infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection. Acta Pediatr 91(9):914–922
Biron CA (2001) Interferons alpha and beta as immune regulators—a new look. Immunity 14:661–664
Bogdan C (2002) The function of type I interferons in antimicrobial immunity. Curr Opin Immunol 12:419–424
García-Sastre A, Biron CA (2006) Type 1 interferons and the virus–host relationship: a lesson in détente. Science 312:879–882
Glezen WP, Taber LH, Frank AL, Kasel JA (1986) Risk of primary infection and reinfection with respiratory syncytial virus. Am J Dis Child 140:543–546
Legg JP, Hussain IR, Warner JA, Johnston SL, Warner JO (2003) Type 1 and type 2 cytokine imbalance in acute respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 168:633–639
Durbin JE, Johnson TR, Durbin RK, Mertz SE, Morotti RA, Peebles RS, Graham BS (2002) The role of IFN in respiratory syncytial virus pathogenesis. J Immunol 168:2944–2952
Lee YM, Miyahara N, Takeda K, Prpich J, Oh A, Balhorn A, Joetham A, Gelfand EW, Dakhama A (2008) IFN-gamma production during initial infection determines the outcome of reinfection with respiratory syncytial virus. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 177:208–218
Forster J et al (2004) Prospective population-based study of viral lower respiratory tract infections in children under 3 years of age (the PRI.DE study). Eur J Pediatr 163:709–716
Sanger F, Nicklen S, Coulson AR (1992) DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. 1977. Biotechnology 24:104–108
Sasieni PD (1997) From genotypes to genes: doubling the sample size. Biometrics 53:1253–1261
Xu J et al (2002) Positive results in association studies are associated with departure from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium: hint for genotyping error? Hum Genet 111:573–574
Becker T, Knapp M (2004) Maximum-likelihood estimation of haplotype frequencies in nuclear families. Genet Epidemiol 27(1):21–32
Kimpen JLL, Ramilo O (2005) The microbe–host interface in respiratory tract infections. Horizon Bioscience, Norfolk
Fjaerli HO et al (2006) Whole blood gene expression in infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. BMC Infect Dis 13(6):175
Karaghiosoff M et al (2003) Central role for type I interferons and Tyk2 in lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxin shock. Nat Immunol 4:471–477
Pestka S, Krause CD, Walter MR (2004) Interferons, interferon-like cytokines, and their receptors. Immunol Rev 202:8–32
Frucht DM et al (2001) IFN-gamma production by antigen-presenting cells: mechanisms emerge. Trends Immunol 22:556–560
Shuai K, Liu B (2003) Regulation of JAK-STAT signalling in the immune system. Nat Rev Immunol 3:900–911
Kovarik P, Sauer I, Schaljo B (2007) Molecular mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory functions of interferons. Immunobiology 212:895–901
Helminen M et al (2008) IL-10 gene polymorphism at −1082 A/G is associated with severe rhinovirus bronchiolitis in infants. Pediatr Pulmonol 43:391–395
Janssen R et al (2007) Genetic susceptibility to respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis is predominantly associated with innate immune genes. J Infect Dis 196:826–834
Gentile DA et al (2003) Cytokine gene polymorphisms moderate illness severity in infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection. Hum Immunol 64:338–344
Acknowledgments
This project was supported by a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft to Andrea Heinzmann (DFG HE 3123/3-2) as well as by a research grant from Abbott. We particularly wish to thank all participating children and their families.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mailaparambil, B., Jochum, J., Forster, J. et al. Polymorphisms of interferons and their receptors in the genetics of severe RSV-associated diseases. Arch Virol 153, 2133–2137 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-008-0232-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-008-0232-5