Summary
Equine arteritis virus (EAV), a member of the newly established family Arteriviridae, is a small, positive-stranded RNA virus. It carries two protein complexes in its envelope, gp5/M and the recently described gp2b/gp3/gp4 complex. We report here on several basic features of EAV replication in cell culture and on the protein composition of virus particles. We have also characterized gp2b, gp3, and gp4 expressed using a baculovirus system in insect cells. Finally, we provide evidence that EAV possess hemagglutinating and hemolytic activity. The hemolysis assay might be useful for determining which of the surface proteins carries the receptor-binding and membrane fusion activity of EAV.
Article PDF
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
FM Burnet (1949) ArticleTitleHaemolysis by Newcastle disease virus Nature 164 1008 Occurrence Handle15396728 Occurrence Handle10.1038/1641008a0 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaG3c%2Fgs1elsg%3D%3D
AA de Vries ED Chirnside MC Horzinek PJ Rottier (1992) ArticleTitleStructural proteins of equine arteritis virus J Virol 66 6294–6303 Occurrence Handle1328669 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXhvV2msA%3D%3D
AA de Vries SM Post MJ Raamsman MC Horzinek PJ Rottier (1995) ArticleTitleThe two major envelope proteins of equine arteritis virus associate into disulfide-linked heterodimers J Virol 69 4668–4674 Occurrence Handle7609031 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXmvFWhu70%3D
AA de Vries MJ Raamsman HA van Dijk MC Horzinek PJ Rottier (1995) ArticleTitleThe small envelope glycoprotein (GS) of equine arteritis virus folds into three distinct monomers and a disulfide-linked dimer J Virol 69 3441–3448 Occurrence Handle7745690 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXls1yit78%3D
JC Dobbe Y van der Meer WJ Spaan EJ Snijder (2001) ArticleTitleConstruction of chimeric arteriviruses reveals that the ectodomain of the major glycoprotein is not the main determinant of equine arteritis virus tropism in cell culture Virology 288 283–294 Occurrence Handle11601900 Occurrence Handle10.1006/viro.2001.1074 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXnsFGjtLY%3D
JF Hedges UB Balasuriya NJ MacLachlan (1999) ArticleTitleThe open reading frame 3 of equine arteritis virus encodes an immunogenic glycosylated, integral membrane protein Virology 264 92–98 Occurrence Handle10544133 Occurrence Handle10.1006/viro.1999.9982 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXmvFOlsrg%3D
RT Huang R Rott HD Klenk (1981) ArticleTitleInfluenza viruses cause hemolysis and fusion of cells Virology 110 243–247 Occurrence Handle7210509 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0042-6822(81)90030-1 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaL3M7lsV2ksA%3D%3D
B Hyllseth (1969) ArticleTitleA plaque assay of equine arteritis virus in BHK-21 cells Arch Gesamte Virusforsch 28 26–33 Occurrence Handle4988871 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF01250842 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaE3c3mt1OisA%3D%3D
B Hyllseth (1973) ArticleTitleStructural proteins of equine arteritis virus Arch Gesamte Virusforsch 40 177–188 Occurrence Handle4633581 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF01242536 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaE3sXhsFGls74%3D
T Kubota Y Inaba K Uwatoko H Akashi Y Fukunaga (1997) ArticleTitleHemagglutination with equine arteritis virus J Vet Med Sci 59 943–945 Occurrence Handle9362047 Occurrence Handle10.1292/jvms.59.943 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK1c%2FivVWnsg%3D%3D
RA Lamb RG Paterson TS Jardetzky (2006) ArticleTitleParamyxovirus membrane fusion: lessons from the F and HN atomic structures Virology 344 30–37 Occurrence Handle16364733 Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.virol.2005.09.007 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtlCqtbrO
T Maeda S Ohnishi (1980) ArticleTitleActivation of influenza virus by acidic media causes hemolysis and fusion of erythrocytes FEBS Lett 122 283–287 Occurrence Handle7202720 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0014-5793(80)80457-1 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL3MXmtFGrtg%3D%3D
Y Sano Y Inaba K Uwatoko T Kubota T Asagoe J Kanaya IJ Pan H Akashi Y Fukunaga (1998) ArticleTitleEffect of heparin on hemagglutination by equine arteritis virus J Vet Med Sci 60 447–450 Occurrence Handle9592716 Occurrence Handle10.1292/jvms.60.447 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXjtFWjtr0%3D
EJ Snijder JJ Meulenberg (1998) ArticleTitleThe molecular biology of arteriviruses J Gen Virol 79 IssueIDPt 5 961–979 Occurrence Handle9603311 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXivFOlt74%3D
EJ Snijder H van Tol KW Pedersen MJ Raamsman AA de Vries (1999) ArticleTitleIdentification of a novel structural protein of arteriviruses J Virol 73 6335–6345 Occurrence Handle10400725 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXksFKnsbk%3D
P Vaananen L Kaariainen (1979) ArticleTitleHaemolysis by two alphaviruses: Semliki Forest and Sindbis virus J Gen Virol 43 593–601 Occurrence Handle39116 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaL3c%2FgvVWhtA%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1099/0022-1317-43-3-593
MH Verheije TJ Welting HT Jansen PJ Rottier JJ Meulenberg (2002) ArticleTitleChimeric arteriviruses generated by swapping of the M protein ectodomain rule out a role of this domain in viral targeting Virology 303 364–373 Occurrence Handle12490397 Occurrence Handle10.1006/viro.2002.1711 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XpsFyhurg%3D
R Wieringa AA de Vries MJ Raamsman PJ Rottier (2002) ArticleTitleCharacterization of two new structural glycoproteins, GP(3) and GP(4), of equine arteritis virus J Virol 76 10829–10840 Occurrence Handle12368326 Occurrence Handle10.1128/JVI.76.21.10829-10840.2002 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XnvFKjs74%3D
R Wieringa AA De Vries SM Post PJ Rottier (2003) ArticleTitleIntra- and intermolecular disulfide bonds of the GP2b glycoprotein of equine arteritis virus: relevance for virus assembly and infectivity J Virol 77 12996–13004 Occurrence Handle14645556 Occurrence Handle10.1128/JVI.77.24.12996-13004.2003 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXpslSnurg%3D
R Wieringa AA de Vries PJ Rottier (2003) ArticleTitleFormation of disulfide-linked complexes between the three minor envelope glycoproteins (GP2b, GP3, and GP4) of equine arteritis virus J Virol 77 6216–6226 Occurrence Handle12743278 Occurrence Handle10.1128/JVI.77.11.6216-6226.2003 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXktV2gu7o%3D
R Wieringa AA de Vries J van der Meulen GJ Godeke JJ Onderwater H van Tol HK Koerten AM Mommaas EJ Snijder PJ Rottier (2004) ArticleTitleStructural protein requirements in equine arteritis virus assembly J Virol 78 13019–13027 Occurrence Handle15542653 Occurrence Handle10.1128/JVI.78.23.13019-13027.2004 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhtVaqtbnJ
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Correspondence: Michael Veit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Veterinary Faculty, Free University Berlin, Philippstraße 13, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Veit, M., Kabatek, A., Tielesch, C. et al. Characterization of equine arteritis virus particles and demonstration of their hemolytic activity. Arch Virol 153, 351–356 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-007-1094-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-007-1094-y