Abstract
Rainfall and temperature are the two key parameters of crop development. Studying the characteristics of these parameters under the influence of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) conditions is important to better understand the impacts of the different phases of this phenomenon (El Niño, Neutral, and La Niña) on agriculture. The objective of this study is to diagnose Goiás State rainfall and temperature similarity patterns during the El Niño-Southern Oscillation phenomenon phases considering a time series from 1980 to 2011. The data were from 121 weather stations across the Goiás State, Brazil. There were two analysis scenarios (one period: 1980 to 2011 and two periods: 1980–1999 and 2000–2011) under El Niño, Neutral, and La Niña conditions. The analysis showed a similarity in the pattern of El Niño-Southern Oscillation phenomenon phases for accumulated rainfall characteristics, but not for the entire rainfed season (October 1 to May 31), only for mid-November to early February. This characteristic is particularly marked in the most recent years (2000–2011) and was only observed due to a data set split into two period scenarios. It is supported by the relationship between precipitation over Goiás State and indices of sea surface temperature and by composites of circulation anomalies for El Niño and La Niña years. ENSO affects maximum and minimum temperatures considering the entire state. However, there is no similarity in the pattern of the phases of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation phenomenon in all scenarios investigated for these characteristics. Our analysis reveals an increase in maximum and minimum temperatures in the two scenarios investigated.
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Data availability
The observational data set analyzed in this study may be obtained at the following sites: Brazilian Institute of Meteorology (INMET—https://portal.inmet.gov.br/); Water National Agency (ANA—https://www.gov.br/ana/pt-br); Goiás Meteorological and Hydrological Information Center (CIMEHGO—https://www.meioambiente.go.gov.br/cimehgo); and Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation. (EMBRAPA—https://www.embrapa.br/).
Code availability
The R code will be made available (by the corresponding author) upon request.
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Funding
Alexandre Bryan Heinemann was supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás (FAPEG), PRONEM/FAPEG/CNPq, and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), no. 408025/2018–2 and 310209/2021–8. Caio Augusto dos Santos Coelho was supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), no. 3′5206/2019–2.
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Alexandre Bryan Heinemann and David Henriques da Matta conceived the theory; Alexandre Bryan Heinemann and Leydson Lara dos Santos generated the data set and performed data analysis; Alexandre Bryan Heinemann and David Henriques da Matta wrote the manuscript; Luís Fernando Stone and Caio Augusto dos Santos Coelho revised the text and figures and tables, which all authors finally edited.
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da Matta, D.H., dos Santos Coelho, C.A., dos Santos, L.L. et al. Analysis of Goiás State rainfall and temperature similarity patterns during the El Niño-Southern Oscillation phenomenon phases across the years. Theor Appl Climatol 153, 1013–1031 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-023-04503-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-023-04503-3