Abstract
The short waves (less than 6000 km) embedded within the long waves and the resulting short-wave troughs have an effect on the sea-effect snow (SES). The short-wave troughs, which accompany most of the SES events, directly affect the formation and intensity of the bands, especially along their trajectories. In this study, the structure and characteristics of short-wave troughs and long waves during the occurrence of SES bands over the western Black Sea during nine winter periods (2010–2018) were investigated. A total of 48 short-wave troughs and long waves that concurred with snow events were detected in the period. In the classification made according to the movement direction followed by the short-wave troughs, it was determined that the western movement was dominant. This was mostly observed due to the latitudinal movements of the long waves. The average duration of the short-wave troughs over the region was found to be 27.8 h, while the longest duration trough lasted 60 h (LWT-Type). The most obvious effects of long waves were in the form of handling short waves. Apart from these, it also played a critical role in lowering arctic and polar air longitudinally to the south. The short-wave troughs allowed the convection to increase and contributed to the formation of severe SES bands by playing a role in the deepening of the convective boundary layer. The SES bands mostly had more than one parallel band formation in longitudinal direction. Movement directions of short-wave troughs and long waves mostly concurred with the SES bands (77–79%). Therefore, it is possible to talk about the effects of short and long waves not only in the change of boundary layer properties, but also in the direction of the upper atmospheric level (sub-inversion wind directions) movements.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the Turkish State Meteorological Service for the data used in this study.
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This work is funded by the Turkish Science Foundation (TUBITAK) with Grant Number 1059B142000051.
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Veli Yavuz: conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, writing—original draft. Anthony R. Lupo: conceptualization, supervision, writing—review and editing.
Neil I. Fox: supervision, writing—review and editing.
Ali Deniz: supervision, writing—review and editing.
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Yavuz, V., Lupo, A.R., Fox, N.I. et al. The role of short-wave troughs on the formation and development of sea-effect snowbands in the western Black Sea. Theor Appl Climatol 149, 501–510 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-022-04071-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-022-04071-y