Abstract
Black carbon (BC) mass concentration variation has been studied, over a period of 2 years (June 2010–May 2012) at Bhubaneswar. Daily, monthly and seasonal measurements revealed a clear winter maxima (5.6 μg/m3) of BC followed by post-monsoon (4.05 μg/m3), monsoon (3.02 μg/m3) and pre-monsoon (2.46 μg/m3). Nighttime BC mass concentrations have been found to be distinctly higher during winter followed by post-monsoon and monsoon. Investigations reveal that the winter maxima are due to a stable atmospheric condition and long-range transport over the Indo-Gangetic Plain and Western Asia. Local boundary layer dynamics and anthropogenic activities have been assumed to have a pronounced effect on the diurnal cycle seasonally. Statistical analysis suggests significant variation of BC during the months and non-significant during the days. The study also gives an insight into importance of BC study from health angle and suggests an assessment and management framework. Source apportionment study suggests that BC mass concentration observed at Bhubaneswar is generally dominated by fossil fuel combustion.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to the Director, Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology (CSIR-IMMT) and the Head, Environment and Sustainability Department (CSIR-IMMT) for their encouragement. Financial support by ISRO-GBP is gratefully acknowledged. The authors acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model and/or READY website (http://ready.arl.noaa.gov) used in this publication. Acknowledgements are also due to the “NASA FIRMS” team who are actively involved in providing the satellite data on fire (http://earthdata.nasa.gov/firms) as well as for their timely assistance through their support system for initial interpretation of data for this study. The authors also that the help of Dr. S.C. Sahu, Director IMD-Bhubaneswar, and the office staff for helping us in using the meteorological data.
The authors would like to acknowledge the help of Mr. Chinmay Mallik in plotting the inversion graphs.
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Mahapatra, P.S., Panda, S., Das, N. et al. Variation in black carbon mass concentration over an urban site in the eastern coastal plains of the Indian sub-continent. Theor Appl Climatol 117, 133–147 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-013-0984-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-013-0984-z