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Temperature and precipitation fluctuations in the Czech Republic during the period of instrumental measurements

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Abstract

The history of early meteorological observations using instruments in the Czech Lands is described (the longest temperature series for Prague-Klementinum starts in 1775, precipitation series for Brno in 1803). Using the PRODIGE method, long-term monthly temperature and precipitation series from selected secular stations were homogenised (for 10 and 12 stations, respectively). All the seasonal and annual temperature series for the common period 1882–2010 show a significant positive linear trend with accelerated warming from the 1970s onwards. No significant linear trends were disclosed in the series of seasonal and annual precipitation totals. Correlation coefficients between the Czech series analysed decrease as distances between measuring stations increase. A sharper decrease of correlations for precipitation totals displays much weaker spatial relationships than those for mean temperatures. The highest correlations between all stations appeared in 1921–1950, the lowest in 1891–1920 (temperature) and 1981–2010 (precipitation). Wavelet analysis reveals that very distinct annual cycles as well as the slightly weaker semi-annual ones are better expressed for temperature series than for precipitation. Statistically significant cycles longer than 1 year are temporally unstable and sporadic for precipitation, while in the temperature series cycles of 7.4–7.7 and 17.9–18.4 years were recorded as significant by all stations in 1882–2010 (quasi-biennial cycle of 2.1–2.2 years for half the stations). Czech homogenous temperature series correlate best with those of the Northern Hemisphere for annual, spring and summer values (with significant correlation coefficients between 0.60 and 0.70), but this relation is temporally unstable. Circulation indices, such as the North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAOI) and the Central European Zonal Index (CEZI), may explain the greater part of Czech temperature variability, especially from December to March and for the winter; however, this relationship is much weaker, or even random, for precipitation series. Further, relationships with the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) are weak and random. Relatively weak coincidences exist between statistically significant cycles in the Czech series and those detected in NAOI, CEZI and SOI series.

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Acknowledgements

M. Bělínová, R. Brázdil, P. Dobrovolný and P. Štěpánek acknowledge financial support from the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic to project no. P209/10/0605, P. Pišoft to project no. P209/11/2509 of the same agency, and P. Zahradníček to the research plan CZ.1.05/1.1.00/02.0073 Global Change Research Centre AS CR, v.v.i. P. Jones (Norwich) kindly provided us with additional SOI data and J. Jacobeit (Augsburg) with CEZI series. Our thanks to Tony Long (Svinošice) for English style corrections.

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  1. Institute of Geography, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic

    Rudolf Brázdil, Monika Bělínová & Petr Dobrovolný

  2. Global Change Research Centre AS CR, Bělidla 956/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic

    Rudolf Brázdil, Pavel Zahradníček, Petr Štěpánek & Petr Dobrovolný

  3. Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Kroftova 43, 616 67, Brno, Czech Republic

    Pavel Zahradníček & Petr Štěpánek

  4. Department of Meteorology and Environment Protection, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00, Prague, Czech Republic

    Petr Pišoft

Authors
  1. Rudolf Brázdil
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  2. Pavel Zahradníček
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  3. Petr Pišoft
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  4. Petr Štěpánek
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  5. Monika Bělínová
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  6. Petr Dobrovolný
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Correspondence to Rudolf Brázdil.

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Brázdil, R., Zahradníček, P., Pišoft, P. et al. Temperature and precipitation fluctuations in the Czech Republic during the period of instrumental measurements. Theor Appl Climatol 110, 17–34 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-012-0604-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-012-0604-3

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