Abstract
Asian dust events occurred in Asia during March 2010 were simulated using the Asian Dust Aerosol Model 2 (ADAM2). The performance of the model for simulations of surface dust concentrations and dust event occurrences was tested at several monitoring sites located in the dust source region and the downstream region of Korea. The observed and modeled dust event occurrences at each monitoring site were defined with the hourly observed and modeled dust concentrations that were used to evaluate the performance of the model by constructing a contingency table for the dust event occurrence. It was found that the model simulated quite well the starting and ending times of dust events with their peak dust concentrations for most dust events occurred both in the dust source region and the downstream region of Korea. However, the model failed to simulate a few dust events observed in both regions mainly due to the inaccurate simulations of the meteorological fields. Inaccurate simulations of wind speeds have caused for the model to simulate dust events poorly in the dust source region whereas poor simulations of precipitation of the fifth-generation mesoscale model (MM5) model have led to miss dust events in the downstream region of Korea. The contingency table made with the hourly data for the dust event occurrence made it possible to evaluate the ADAM2 model for the simulation of the dust event occurrence. It was found that the model has the probabilistic simulation capability for dust events of about 78% with the hit rate of more than 83% and the false alarm rate of about 27% for the dust events occurred during March in 2010. The probabilistic capability of the model could be much improved by improving the meteorological model (MM5 model).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles and news from researchers in related subjects, suggested using machine learning.References
Ahn H-J, Park S-U, Chang L-S (2007) Effect of direct radiative forcing of Asian dust on the meteorological fields in East Asia during an Asian dust event period. J Appl Meteorol Climatol 46:1655–1681
Chang J, Brost R, Isaken I, Madronich S, Middleton P, Stockwell W, Walcek C (1987) A three dimensional Eulerian acid deposition model: physical concepts and formulation. J Geophys Res 92:14,681–14,700
Chang J, Middleton P, Stockwell W, Walcek C, Pleim J, Binkowski F (1990) The regional acid deposition model and engineering model, NAPAP SOS/T Report 4; National Acid Prediction Assessment Program; State of Science and Technology Vol 1, Mandronich S/Seaman NL/Stauffer DR, 130pp
Christensen JH (1997) The Danish Eulerian hemispheric model: a three-dimensional air pollution model used for the Arctic. Atmos Environ 31:4169–4491
Clarke AD, Collins WG, Rasch PJ, Kapustin VN, Moore K, Howell S, Fuelberg HE (2001) Dust and pollution transport on global scales: aerosol measurements and model predictions. J Geophys Res 106:32555–32569
Dennis R, McHenry J, Barchet W, Binkowski F, Byun D (1993) Correcting RADMs sulfate underprediction: discovery and correction of model errors and testing the corrections through comparisons against field data. Atmos Environ 27A:975–997
Dudhia J, Gill D, Guo Y, Hansen D, Manning K, Wang W (1998) PSU/NCAR mesoscale modeling system tutorial class notes (MM5 modeling system version 2). NCAR, Boulder
Gao Y, Arimoto R, Zhou MY, Merrill JT, Duce RA (1992) Relationships between the dust concentrations over Eastern Asia and the remote North Pacific. J Geophys Res 97:9867–9872
Gong SL, Zhang XY, Zhao TL, McKendry IG, Jaffe DA, Lu NM (2003) Characterization of soil dust distribution in China and its transport during ACE-Asia: 2. Model simulation and validation. J Geophys Res 108:4262
Goudie A (1977) Sodium sulphate weathering and the disintegration of Mohenjo Daro, Pakistan. Earth Surf Process 2:75–86
Grell G, Dudhia J, Stauffer D (1994) A description of the fifth-generation Penn State/NCAR mesoscale mode (MM5). NCAR Tech., Note NCAR/TN-398 + STR, 117pp
Grousset FE, Ginoux P, Bory A, Biscaye PE (2003) Case study of a Chinese dust plume reaching the French Apls. Geophys Res Lett 30(6):1277
Hanssens AW, Kuipers WJ (1965) On the relationship between the frequency of rain and various meteorological parameters. KNMI Meded Verhand 81:2–15
Hsu NC, Tsay SC, King MD, Herman JG (2006) Deep blue retrievals of Asian aerosol properties during ACE-Asia. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 44:3180–3195
Husar R, Tratt D, Schichtel B, Falke S, Li F, Jaffe D, Gassó S, Gill T, Laulainen N, Lu F, Reheis M, Chun Y, Westphal D, Holben B, Gueymard C, McKendry I, Kuring N, Feldman G, McClain C, Frouin R, Merrill J, DuBois D, Vignola F, Murayama T, Nickovic S, Wilson W, Sassen K, Sugimoto N, Malm W (2001) Asian dust events of April 1998. J Geophys Res 106(D16):18317–18330
In H-J, Park S-U (2002) A simulation of long-range transport of Yellow Sand observed in April 1998 in Korea. Atmos Environ 36:4173–4187
Jeong J-I, Park S-U (2008) Interaction of gaseous pollutants with aerosols in Asia during March 2002. Sci Total Environ 392:262–276
Kain JS, Fritsch JM (1993) Convective parameterization for mesoscale models: the Kain–Fritsch scheme. The representation of cumulus convection in numerical models. Amer Meteor Soc Meteor Monogr 24:165–170
Kaufman YJ, Tanre D, Dubovik O, Karnieli A, Remer LA (2001) Absorption of sunlight by dust as inferred from satellite and ground-based remote sensing. Geophys Res Lett 28:1479–1483
Nickovic S, Barrie L (2007) WMO SDS Warning System Workshop Barcelona, 7–9 November 2007
Nickovic S, Kallos A, Papadopoulos A, Kakaliagou O (2001) A model for prediction of desert dust cycle in the atmosphere. J Geophys Res 106(D16):18113
Park S-U (1998) Effects of dry deposition on near-surface concentrations of SO2 during medium-range transport. J Appl Meteor 37:486–496
Park S-U, In H-J (2003) Parameterization of dust emission for the simulation of the Yellow Sand (Asian dust) observed in March 2002 in Korea. J Geophys Res 108(D19):4618. doi:10.1029/2003JD003484
Park S-U, Jeong J-I (2008) Direct radiative forcing due to aerosol in Asia during March 2002. Sci Total Environ 407:394–404
Park S-U, Lee E-H (2004) Parameterization of Asian dust (Hwangsa) particle-size distributions for use in dust emission models. Atmos Environ 38:2155–2162
Park S-U, In H-J, Lee Y-H (1999) Parameterization of wet deposition of sulfate by precipitation rate. Atmos Environ 33:4469–4475
Park S-U, Chang L-S, Lee E-H (2005) Direct radiative forcing due to aerosols in East Asia during a Hwangsa (Asian dust) event observed on 19–23 March 2002 in Korea. Atmos Environ 39:2593–2606
Park S-U, Choe A, Park M-S, Lee E-H (2008) Parameterization of dust emission reduction factor using the Spot4/Vegetation Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data, Tech Monitor Dec 2008
Park S-U, Ahn H-J, Park M-S (2010a) Direct shortwave radiative forcing of the Asian dust aerosol on dust emission. Theor Appl Climatol 101:179–190
Park S-U, Choe A, Lee E-H, Park M-S, Song X (2010b) The Asian Dust Aerosol Model 2 (ADAM 2) with the use of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) obtained from the Spot4/Vegetation data. Theor Appl Climatol 101:191–208
Park S-U, Choe A, Park M-S (2010c) Estimates of Asian dust deposition over the Asian region by using ADAM2 in 2007. Sci Total Environ 408:2347–2356
Park S-U, Choe A, Park M-S, Chun Y (2010d) Performance tests of the Asian Dust Aerosol Model 2 (ADAM 2). J Sustain Energy Environ 1:77–83
Park S-U, Park M-S, Chun Y (2010e) Asian dust events observed by a 20-m monitoring tower at Erdene in Dornogobi, Mongolia in 2009. Atmos Environ 44:4964–4972
Seinfeld J, Pandis S (1998) Atmospheric chemistry and physics. Wiley, New York, pp 957–977
Shao Y (2001) A model for mineral dust emission. J Geophys Res 106:20,239–20,254
Sokolik I, Toon OB (1996) Direct radiative forcing by anthropogenic airborne mineral aerosols. Nature 381:681–683
Stanski H, Wilson LJ, Burrows WR (1989) Survey of common verification methods in meteorology. WMO World Weather Watch Tech. Rep. 8, 114pp
Tanaka TY, Orito K, Sekiyama TT, Shibata K, Chiba M, Tanaka H (2003) MASINGAR, a global tropospheric aerosol chemical transport model coupled with MRI/JMA98 GCM: model description. Papers Meteorol Geophys 53(4):119–138
VanCuren RA (2003) Asian aerosols in North America: extracting the chemical composition and mass concentration of the Asian continental aerosol plume from long-term aerosol records in the western United States. J Geophys Res 108(D20):4623
Walcek C, Taylor GA (1986) Theoretical method for computing vertical distributions of acidity and sulfate production within cumulus clouds. J Geophys Res 108(D20):4623
Wesely M (1989) Parameterization of surface resistance to gaseous dry depositions of acidity and sulfate production within cumulus clouds. J Atmos Sci 43:339–355
Wesely M, Hicks B (1977) Some factors that affect the deposition rated of sulfur dioxide and similar gases on vegetation. J Air Pollut Control Assoc 27:1110–1117
Wesely M, Hicks B (2000) A review of the current status of knowledge on dry deposition. Atmos Environ 34:2261–2282
Zhao C, Liu X, Leung LR, Johnson B, McFarlane SA, Gustafson WI, Fast JD, Easter R (2010) The spatial distribution of mineral dust and its shortwave radiative forcing over North Africa: modeling sensitivities to dust emissions and aerosol size treatments. Atmos Chem Phys 10:8821–8838
Acknowledgments
This work was funded by the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under Grant RACS_2010-4009. The observed surface PM10 concentration data are obtained from the National Institute of Meteorological Research in the Korea Meteorological Administration. Thanks are given to two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Park, SU., Choe, A. & Park, MS. A simulation of Asian dust events in March 2010 by using the ADAM2 model. Theor Appl Climatol 107, 491–503 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-011-0494-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-011-0494-9