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Estimating spatial and temporal patterns of urban anthropogenic heat fluxes for UK cities: the case of Manchester

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Abstract

A model is proposed for determining the temporal and spatial patterns of anthropogenic heat fluxes in UK urban areas. It considers buildings, traffic, and metabolic heat flux sources and has been evaluated to a good accuracy against alternative data for the Greater Manchester area in the UK. Results are presented at spatial resolution of 200 × 200 m although the model itself is scalable depending on data availability. In this paper, results are generated using a set of urban morphology units so that detailed and time-consuming accounting of individual building and road emissions is not required. The model estimates a mean heat emission of 6.12 Wm-2 across Greater Manchester, with values in the region of 10 Wm-2 for non central urbanized areas and 23 Wm-2 in city center areas. Despite this difference, the results are not described by a simple distance decay function, as has been reported for other cities, due to the influence of satellite towns and the influence of the road network. Buildings are the dominant emitter, contributing some 60% of total emissions across the city compared to around 32% for road traffic and 8% for metabolic sources.

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Acknowledgments

This work was carried out under the support of the EPSRC-funded SCORCHIO project (Grant No: EP/E017665/01) and used datasets generated through the EPSRC-funded ASCCUE project (Grant No: GR/S19233/01). The authors would like to thank Dr Mark McCarthy for supplying summary estimates of London heat emissions for comparative purposes.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Environment and Development, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK, M13 9PL

    Claire Smith & Sarah Lindley

  2. School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, PO Box 88, Manchester, UK, M60 1QD

    Geoff Levermore

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  1. Claire Smith
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  2. Sarah Lindley
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  3. Geoff Levermore
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Correspondence to Claire Smith.

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Smith, C., Lindley, S. & Levermore, G. Estimating spatial and temporal patterns of urban anthropogenic heat fluxes for UK cities: the case of Manchester. Theor Appl Climatol 98, 19–35 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-008-0086-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-008-0086-5

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