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Kinetic energy budget of Typhoon Yagi (2006) during its extratropical transition

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Abstract

A diagnostic energetic analysis is conducted to study the kinetic energy budget during the extratropical transition (ET) of tropical cyclone (TC) Yagi (2006), using high-resolution numerical model output. The results show that the upper-level jet stream makes great contribution to the redevelopment of Yagi. When the Yagi approached to the upper-level jet stream, the horizontal flux of kinetic energy associated with the jet was the major cause of the ET. During the transition of Yagi, the horizontal flux of kinetic energy caused by the change of environmental field related to the TC movement only accounted for about 25 % of the total flux, while the horizontal convergence to Yagi under the action of the jet was the major portion of the total horizontal flux. Moreover, the work of pressure gradient force changed from a source of kinetic energy to a sink in the upper troposphere before and after the ET, however, it acted as a source of kinetic energy in the lower and middle troposphere all the time, and both the vertical and horizontal fluxes of kinetic energy caused by the upper-level jet increased the kinetic energy in the upper troposphere. The sub-grid scale friction and dissipation, which shows their maximum effects in the lower troposphere especially in the atmospheric boundary layer, played major consumption roles against the pressure gradient force. Furthermore, the consumption was almost entirely out-of-phase for the convective transport of kinetic energy in vertical, and inhibited the vertical flux of kinetic energy. In addition, there were significant high-frequency disturbances before and after the ET characterized by out-of-phase kinetic energy changes between upper and lower levels, thus, the vertically integrated kinetic energy budget in the air column could not give a reasonable physical image for TC kinetic energy variation.

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Acknowledgments

This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 40830958 and 41175090.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Meteorology and Oceanography, PLA University of Science and Technology, No. 60, Shuanglong Road, Nanjing, 211101, China

    Yuan Sun & Zhong Zhong

  2. Key Laboratory of Mesoscale Severe Weather/Ministry of Education/School of Atmospheric Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China

    Yuan Wang

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  1. Yuan Sun
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  2. Zhong Zhong
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  3. Yuan Wang
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Correspondence to Zhong Zhong.

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Responsible editor: L. Gimeno.

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Sun, Y., Zhong, Z. & Wang, Y. Kinetic energy budget of Typhoon Yagi (2006) during its extratropical transition. Meteorol Atmos Phys 118, 65–78 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-012-0200-1

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