Abstract
Axial postural abnormalities and pain are two main determinants of poor quality of life in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Indeed, a detailed characterization of pain and other non-motor symptoms in patients with PAs has not been provided yet. The aim of this study is to assess the phenomenology of pain and other non-motor symptoms in PD patients with Pisa syndrome and camptocormia compared to PD patients without axial postural abnormality. Forty-five PD participants were equally distributed in three groups: patients with Pisa syndrome (PS), patients with Camptocormia (CC), and patients without postural abnormalities (PD). Pain characteristics were assessed by Kings Parkinson’s Pain Scale (KPPS), brief pain inventory (BPI), and numeric pain rating scale (NRS). All participants completed clinical assessments by non-motor symptom scale (NMSS), and movement disorder society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) parts II–III. Patients with and without axial postural abnormalities showed one or more types of pain, being fluctuation, nocturnal, chronic, and musculoskeletal the most frequently reported in Pisa Syndrome and camptocormia. PD group compared with PS and CC groups showed differences in the KPPS, NMSS, BPI pain severity and interference, and NRS total scores. No significant differences were found between PS group compared with CC group with exception of the NMSS total scores. PD patients with Pisa syndrome or camptocormia have a higher burden of musculoskeletal, chronic and fluctuation pain than PD patients without axial postural abnormalities, suggesting different etiologies of pain and possible different treatments.
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Data availability
The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due to participants’ privacy and ethical concerns but are available from the corresponding author at a reasonable request.
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The authors are grateful to the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies—Jordan University of Science and Technology.
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Al-Wardat, M., Geroin, C., Schirinzi, T. et al. Axial postural abnormalities and pain in Parkinson’s disease. J Neural Transm 130, 77–85 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-022-02576-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-022-02576-4