Abstract
Psychotherapies aim to relieve patients from mental distress by guiding them toward healthier attitudes and behaviors. Psychotherapies can differ substantially in concepts and approaches. In this review article, we compare the methods and science of three established psychotherapies: Morita Therapy (MT), which is a 100-year-old method established in Japan; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), which—worldwide—has become the major psychotherapy; and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), which is a relatively young psychotherapy that shares some characteristics with MT. The neuroscience of psychotherapy as a system is only beginning to be understood, but relatively solid scientific information is available about some of its important aspects such as learning, physical health, and social interactions. On average, psychotherapies work best if combined with pharmacotherapies. This synergy may rely on the drugs helping to “kickstart” the use of neural pathways (behaviors) to which a patient otherwise has poor access. Improved behavior, guided by psychotherapy, can then consolidate these pathways by their continued usage throughout a patient’s life.
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Acknowledgements
We dedicate this manuscript to Prof. Dr. Peter Riederer (University of Würzburg, Germany) to celebrate his 80th birthday. Dr. Riederer has contributed greatly to Journal of Neural Transmission as Editor in Chief after, in 2000, succeeding Prof. Dr. Arvid Carlsson (University of Göteborg, Sweden), Honorary Editor in Chief, Nobel laureate. Dr. Peter Riederer has made many excellent contributions to the science of neurochemistry and neurodegenerative diseases, especially Parkinson’s disease. TN is very grateful to Dr. Peter Riederer for collaboration in neurochemistry of post-mortem brains for many years.
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Dijkstra, J.M., Nagatsu, T. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), and Morita therapy (MT); comparison of three established psychotherapies and possible common neural mechanisms of psychotherapies. J Neural Transm 129, 805–828 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-021-02450-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-021-02450-9