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Cognitive aspects of freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease: a challenge for rehabilitation

Journal of Neural Transmission volume 120, pages 543–557 (2013)Cite this article

Abstract

Freezing of gait (FOG) is a very disabling symptom affecting up to half of the patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Evidence is accumulating that FOG is caused by a complex interplay between motor, cognitive and affective factors, rather than being a pure motor phenomenon. In the current paper, we review the evidence on the specific role of cognitive factors in FOG. Results from behavioral studies show that patients with FOG experience impairments in executive functioning and response selection which predict that motor learning may be compromised. Brain imaging studies strengthen the neural basis of a potential association between FOG and cognitive impairment, but do not clarify whether it is a primary or secondary determinant of FOG. A FOG-related reduction of cognitive resources implies that adaptation of rehabilitation interventions is indicated for patients with FOG to promote the consolidation of learning.

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Affiliations

  1. Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium

    Elke Heremans, A. Nieuwboer, J. Spildooren & S. Vercruysse

  2. Cognitive Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium

    J. Vandenbossche, N. Deroost, E. Soetens & E. Kerckhofs

Authors
  1. Elke Heremans
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  2. A. Nieuwboer
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  3. J. Spildooren
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  4. J. Vandenbossche
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  5. N. Deroost
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  6. E. Soetens
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  7. E. Kerckhofs
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  8. S. Vercruysse
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Correspondence to Elke Heremans.

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Heremans, E., Nieuwboer, A., Spildooren, J. et al. Cognitive aspects of freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease: a challenge for rehabilitation. J Neural Transm 120, 543–557 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-012-0964-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-012-0964-y

Keywords

  • Freezing of gait
  • Parkinson’s disease
  • Cognition
  • Rehabilitation