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Recent rodent models for Alzheimer’s disease: clinical implications and basic research

  • Dementias - Review article
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Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common origin of dementia in the elderly. Although the cause of AD remains unknown, several factors have been identified that appear to play a critical role in the development of this debilitating disorder. In particular, amyloid precursor protein (APP), tau hyperphosphorylation, and the secretase enzymes, have become the focal point of recent research. Over the last two decades, several transgenic and non-transgenic animal models have been developed to elucidate the mechanistic aspects of AD and to validate potential therapeutic targets. Transgenic rodent models over-expressing human β-amyloid precursor protein (β-APP) and mutant forms of tau have become precious tools to study and understand the pathogenesis of AD at the molecular, cellular and behavioural levels, and to test new therapeutic agents. Nevertheless, none of the transgenic models of AD recapitulate fully all of the pathological features of the disease. Octodon degu, a South American rodent has been recently found to spontaneously develop neuropathological signs of AD in old age. This review aims to address the limitations and clinical relevance of transgenic rodent models in AD, and to highlight the potential for O. degu as a natural model for the study of AD neuropathology.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the Alzheimer’s Association (USA), the University of New South Wales, the Rebecca L. Cooper Medical Foundation, the Perpetual Foundation, the Baxter Foundation, the Mason Foundation, the Curran Foundation, the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) and Alzheimer Australia for supporting our work. A.G.P.’s and P.M.’s research was partially support by a FIRCA NIH grant to Alfredo Kirkwood 1 R03 TW007171-01 A1 and Iniciativa Cientifica Milenio CINV IC09-022-P.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia

    Nady Braidy & Gilles J. Guillemin

  2. School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia

    Nady Braidy & Perminder Sachdev

  3. Centro Interdiciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaiso (CINV), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile

    Pablo Muñoz & Adrian G. Palacios

  4. St Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia

    Gloria Castellano-Gonzalez & Gilles J. Guillemin

  5. Centre for Aging and Regeneration (CARE), Faculty of Biological Sciences, P. Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile

    Nibaldo C. Inestrosa

  6. Menzies Research Institute, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia

    Roger S. Chung

  7. Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia

    Perminder Sachdev

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  1. Nady Braidy
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Correspondence to Gilles J. Guillemin.

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Braidy, N., Muñoz, P., Palacios, A.G. et al. Recent rodent models for Alzheimer’s disease: clinical implications and basic research. J Neural Transm 119, 173–195 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-011-0731-5

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