Abstract
Recent molecular research has revealed the significance of hybridization and reticulate evolution in the evolution of temperate woody bamboos at both intergeneric and intrageneric levels. Although the monophyly of Fargesia s.l. is debated, species of Fargesia s.l. with the spathe-like leaf sheath syndrome form a clade as the Fargesia spathacea complex. A previous study showed varying degrees of genetic diversity and an excess of heterozygotes across the F. spathacea complex, but phylogenetic relationships within this complex remain unclear. Here, we sampled 24 populations and 72 individuals of the F. spathacea complex and three outgroups: Yushania confusa, Fargesia setosa, and Bashania fargesii. Using phylogenomic data, we generated a robust phylogeny and explored the implications of the phylogeny for previous hybridization and introgression hypotheses. The phylogenetic analyses suggested that the 72 individuals were clustered into four major clades consistent with the genetic structure but different from the statistical results of vegetative traits. Our phylogenetic and biographical evidence demonstrate that the species in the F. spathacea complex originated outside the Hengduan Mountains region and spread to heterogeneous mountain habitats in the Daba and Qinling Mountains. In addition, adaptive radiation to cold climates and reticulate evolution may have driven species diversification within the F. spathacea complex, making it difficult to classify at the population level.
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Acknowledgements
This paper is dedicated to the memory of Professor Yi Ren (1959–2019). We will always remember him for his optimism, bravery, and wisdom. We would like to thank Professor Xiao-Hui Zhang, Professor Jian-Qiang Zhang and Professor Ju-Qing Kang for their guidance, and Xiao-Cheng Xing for sample collection. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31570221).
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This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31570221).
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Online resource 1. Statistics of 10 morphological traits of the F. spathacea complex.
Online resource 2. Information of the 164 localities used in the climatic niche models of the F. spathacea complex.
Online resource 3. Information of the 529 localities used in the climatic niche models of Fargesia s.l.
Online resource 4. Bioclimatic variables (named BIO1 to BIO19).
Online resource 5. The average coverage depth and rates of mapping of 75 individuals.
Online resource 6. The statistics of SNP annotation results.
Online resource 7. Neighbor-joining (NJ) tree of the F. spathacea complex.
Online resource 8. Cross-validating error of structure analysis.
Online resource 9. K = 16 and K = 24 of genetic structure analysis.
Online resource 10. M = 0 of TreeMix.
Online resource 11. D-statistics analysis (ABBA-BABA tests) of the F. spathacea complex.
Online resource 12. The results of ecological niche modeling.
Online resource 13. Evolutionary of Fargesia.
Online resource 14. Alignment sequence for phylogeny tree construction.
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Li, WW., Zhou, Y., Huang, L. et al. Phylogenetic relationships and migration patterns of the Fargesia spathacea complex inferred from genomic data. Plant Syst Evol 308, 33 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-022-01819-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-022-01819-x