Abstract
In 2015, Brazil faced the worst environmental disaster in its history, when the collapse of an iron ore dam dumped millions of tons of tailings into the Doce River. In this paper, we describe two Hippeastrum species native to localities directly involved in the tragedy. The dam was located in the foothills of Serra do Caraça, a mountain range in the state of Minas Gerais, from where we describe the endemic H. carassense; H. velloziflorum was first found on an inselberg located on the banks of the Doce River, in the neighboring state of Espírito Santo. Comments on their distribution, ecology, and phenology are provided, as well as comparisons with the most similar taxa. The conservation status of the two new species is preliminarily assessed, and both are considered threatened with extinction. We also compared their leaf anatomy and micromorphology with related species of Amaryllidaceae. Based on nrDNA ITS, we infer the phylogenetic position of H. velloziflorum, a taxon with several unique morphological characters for Hippeastrum, as the first branch in subgenus Hippeastrum. The placement of H. velloziflorum in Hippeastrum is also supported by anatomical and cytological data. The somatic chromosome number was 2n = 22, and the karyotype formula was 2n = 8m + 12sm + 2st chromosome pairs. An identification key to the species of Hippeastrum occurring in the Doce and Jequitinhonha River basins is presented.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Marcelo Vasconcelos for authorizing the use of the photograph (Fig. 7b) and information about Hippeastrum carassense; Gustavo H. Shimizu and Luiz Menini-Neto for the images of H. velloziflorum (Fig. 10g and 10i, respectively); Edimar Lopes, Gilberto Bellozi, and Patrícia Messias for assistance with the images; Carlos Eduardo G. R. Schaefer for his useful environmental analysis of soil; Mauro Peixoto and Suzana Martins for their support on several occasions; Ricardo Goffi for his comments on the draft of the manuscript; the curators of the herbaria BHCB, CEPEC, and MBML for the availability of the type specimens; Kyoko Nakamura (USDA-ARS, Miami, FL) for the DNA sequencing and Klei Sousa for the line drawings. The financial support of this work by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) is gratefully acknowledged; JLSM thanks CNPq for productivity grants (303664/2020-7).
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This study was funded by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Brazil.
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. ACR, APF, JHAD, OBCR, and RCM did the field work. ACR, AWM, and RCM performed most of the morphological comparative studies. The first draft of the manuscript was written by ACR, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. ACR, AWM, and RMM prepared figures and tables. ACR and JLSM made all the anatomical investigation and discussion. RMM performed the experiments and chromosome analysis; JHAD and RMM discussed the data. AWM and NBG collected the DNA sequences and ran the phylogenetic analyses; AWM and ACR discussed the data. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Online Resource 1. Alignment of ITS sequences used in this paper. The alignment is in fasta format.
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Campos-Rocha, A., Meerow, A.W., Machado, R.M. et al. Out of the mud: two new species of Hippeastrum (Amaryllidaceae) from the Doce and Jequitinhonha River basins, Brazil. Plant Syst Evol 308, 22 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-022-01805-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-022-01805-3