Abstract
Genetic variation determines the evolutionary potential of a species and is vital for fully understanding the evolution of a species, as well as for developing optimal conservation strategies. Horsfieldia tetratepala is classified as a Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations (PSESP) in China where it is an economically important rainforest tree, but it has declined sharply, mainly caused by habitat destruction and is now an endangered, narrow endemic. Effective conservation strategies for H. tetratepala are required urgently, but limited information exists about its genetic diversity. Accordingly, restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) was used to sequence sixty-three H. tetratepala trees covering ten isolated populations to assess genomic diversity and population structure. The survey generated 8103 high-quality SNPs, analysis of which revealed low genetic diversity and moderate genetic differentiation among populations. However, Bayesian clustering of the sampled H. tetratepala populations produced two genetic clusters, though with some populations from Guangxi and Yunnan intermixed. Because of the increase in habitat fragmentation and human disturbance, conservation priority should be placed on populations with higher genetic variation (e.g., BB, TKH, DWS, and GLQ), allowing the formulation of more effective conservation strategies for this PSESP species.
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Availability of data and material
All relevant genomic data in this study are available under the Data Dryad accession: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.x95x69ph1.
Code availability
Stacks v 2.2; Arelequin v3.5; vegan package; Structure v.2.3.4; Structure Harvester v.0.6.94; CLUMPP v1.1.2; DISTRUCT v1.1; adegenet package.
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Acknowledgements
We thank the forestry departments and nature reserves from the provinces and municipalities of Guangxi, Yunnan, and Hainan for their support and coordination of the fieldwork. We also thank Qin-Xi Hou, Can-Yu Zhang, Jian-Lin Hu, Hong-Hu Meng, and Zhi-Yi Liu for their assistance with the field sampling.
Funding
This study was supported by the Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China: Survey and Germplasm Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations in South‐west China (2017FY100100), Biodiversity Conservation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (ZSSD‐013), and 135 Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (2017XTBG‐T03).
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Chao-nan Cai and Jie Li contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and experiments were performed by Chao-nan Cai. Chao-nan Cai and Jian-hua Xiao analyzed the data. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Chao-nan Cai, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Cai, C., Xiao, J., Ci, X. et al. Genetic diversity of Horsfieldia tetratepala (Myristicaceae), an endangered Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations to China: implications for its conservation. Plant Syst Evol 307, 50 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-021-01774-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-021-01774-z