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Phylogenetic analyses of Phragmites spp. in southwest China identified two lineages and their hybrids

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Abstract

The species/lineage delimitation and possible hybridization/introgression are prerequisites in the management of invasive organism. Phragmites australis invaded diverse habitats and displaced the native lineages in North America as a consequence of the introduction from the Eurasia. Such species threatened the biodiversity safety of the invaded regions, in particular the biodiversity hot spots. Southwest (SW) China is a biodiversity hot spot with the occurrence of Phragmites species, both native and introduced. However, the genetic identity of Phragmites species in this biodiversity hot spot remains unclear, hampering effective ecological managements. In this study, we explored the phylogenetic lineages of Phragmites species in SW China. A total of 44 accessions sampled across SW China were analyzed using two chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) markers and amplified fragment length polymorphisms. Two genetic lineages were recovered, i.e., (1) the tropical lineage which primarily consisted of native Phragmites species represented by cpDNA haplotypes I, Q, and U in relatively low altitude and (2) the common lineage including native species at higher elevations in the Hengduan Mountains as well as artificially planted species represented by cpDNA haplotype P. The between-lineage hybridization was suggested for five analyzed accessions collected from either natural or artificial habitats. The putative hybrids might have originated from the maternal native tropical lineages and paternal introduced common lineage. Our results suggest the likelihood of introgressive hybridizations in SW China and thus provided implications for future research and ecological management.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Dr. Kristin Saltonstall for her help in assigning new haplotype name and giving us unpublished data for haplotype analyses based on the mononucleotide regions. This research was funded by a Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows 14J00203, the Kyoto University Foundation, and the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) 21255007 and (A) 26257411 from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, Japan.

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  1. Chagan Irbis

    Present address: Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming Road (South), Chenggong New District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming Road (South), Chenggong New District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China

    Takashi S. T. Tanaka

  2. Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwake Kitashirakawa Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan

    Takashi S. T. Tanaka & Tatsuya Inamura

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  1. Takashi S. T. Tanaka
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Correspondence to Chagan Irbis.

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Additional information

Handling editor: Yunpeng Zhao.

Information on electronic supplementary materials

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Online Resource 1. Alignment used to produce phylogeny. (PDF 135 kb)

606_2017_1403_MOESM2_ESM.pdf

Online Resource 2. Sampling locations and haplotypes identified by chloroplast DNA (cpDNA). Microsatellite variations in cpDNA are indicated with a small letter following the trnL–trnT and rbcL–psaI sequences according to Saltonstall (2016). “x” indicates markers analyzed for each sample. (PDF 91 kb)

606_2017_1403_MOESM3_ESM.pdf

Online Resource 3. Variations of mononucleotide repeat regions in trnT–trnL cpDNA sequences. Base pairs represent the location of each poly-A microsatellite. (PDF 58 kb)

606_2017_1403_MOESM4_ESM.pdf

Online Resource 4. Variations of mononucleotide repeat regions in rbcL–psaI cpDNA sequences. Base pairs represent location of each poly-A microsatellite. (PDF 59 kb)

Online Resource 5. DeltaK plot for the determination of the best value of K. (PDF 68 kb)

Information on Electronic Supplementary Material

Information on Electronic Supplementary Material

Online Resource 1. Alignment used to produce phylogeny.

Online Resource 2. Sampling locations and haplotypes identified by chloroplast DNA (cpDNA). Microsatellite variations in cpDNA are indicated with a small letter following the trnL–trnT and rbcL–psaI sequences according to Saltonstall (2016). “x” indicates markers analyzed for each sample.

Online Resource 3. Variations of mononucleotide repeat regions in trnT–trnL cpDNA sequences. Base pairs represent the location of each poly-A microsatellite.

Online Resource 4. Variations of mononucleotide repeat regions in rbcL–psaI cpDNA sequences. Base pairs represent location of each poly-A microsatellite.

Online Resource 5. DeltaK plot for the determination of the best value of K.

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Tanaka, T.S.T., Irbis, C. & Inamura, T. Phylogenetic analyses of Phragmites spp. in southwest China identified two lineages and their hybrids. Plant Syst Evol 303, 699–707 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-017-1403-1

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