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Spatial patterns and intraspecific diversity of the glacial relict legume species Vavilovia formosa (Stev.) Fed. in Eurasia

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Abstract

Vavilovia formosa is one of five genera in tribe Fabeae, (Fabaceae, Leguminosae) with close phylogenetic relationships to Pisum. It grows in subalpine and alpine levels in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Russia and Turkey and is recognized as an endangered and protected plant. This study was conducted to reveal its intraspecific variability, as well as to predict the past, extant and future species distribution range. We analysed 51 accessions with common phylogenetic markers (trnF-trnL, trnS-trnG, matK, rbcL, psbA-trnH and ITS). These represent in total up to 2551 bp of chloroplast and 664 bp of nuclear sequences per sample. Two populations from Turkey and Armenia were analysed for genetic diversity by AFLP. Leaf morphometry was conducted on 1457 leaflets from 43 specimens. Extracted bioclimatic parameters were used for niche-modelling approach. Analysis of cpDNA revealed two haplotypes, 12 samples from Armenia, Daghestan, Nakhichevan and Iran belonged to H1 group, while 39 samples of all Turkish and part of Armenian were in H2 group. The mean intrapopulation diversity based on AFLP was low (H E = 0.088) indicating limited outcrossing rate. A significantly positive correlation between geographical latitude and leaf area (\(\rho\) = 0.527, p < 0.05) was found. Niche modelling has shown temporal variation of predicted occurrence across the projected time periods. Vavilovia formosa has suffered a range reduction following climate warming after last glacial maximum, which classify this species as cold-adapted among the Fabeae species as well as a glacial relict.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank to A. Mikič for an inspiration of this study and to P.C. Tzedakis for discussions on the concept of the paper. M. Vishnyakova, VIR, Russia are acknowledged for facilitating access to respective herbarium specimens. This work was supported by Royal Society of Edinburgh fellowship (P.S. and G.K.) and Palacky University grant Agency IGA 2013_001, IGA 2014_001, IGA 2015_001 and IGA 2016_001 funding (P.S., M.CH., L.M., M.K.).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc-Holice, Czech Republic

    Petr Smýkal, Michala Chaloupská, Lucie Marečková & Miloslav Kitner

  2. Department of Biology and Botanical Garden, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece

    Michael Bariotakis & Stergios Pirintsos

  3. Department of Genetics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

    Andrey Sinjushin

  4. National Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Yerevan, Armenia

    Ivan Gabrielyan & Janna Akopian

  5. Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey

    Cengiz Toker

  6. Royal Botanical Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

    Gregory Kenicer

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  1. Petr Smýkal
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  2. Michala Chaloupská
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Correspondence to Petr Smýkal.

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Handling editor: Andreas Tribsch.

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Information on Electronic Supplementary Material

Online Resource 1. List of samples used in the study, with indicated origin, collector, locality information, GenBank accession numbers and molecular ITS and cpDNA haplotypes.

Online Resource 2. Nucleotide alignment of sequenced part of matK gene.

Online Resource 3. List of species accompanying Vavilovia formosa at studied localities.

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Smýkal, P., Chaloupská, M., Bariotakis, M. et al. Spatial patterns and intraspecific diversity of the glacial relict legume species Vavilovia formosa (Stev.) Fed. in Eurasia. Plant Syst Evol 303, 267–282 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-016-1368-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-016-1368-5

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