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Interspecific genetic analysis of orchids in Brazil using molecular markers

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Abstract

Several species of Orchidaceae, one of the largest plant families, are considered endangered throughout South America and legal protection policies are needed so they can be preserved. Inter simple sequence repeats (ISSRs) markers are a potential tool to be used in the phylogenetic reconstruction of closely related species. In this study, we evaluate the polymorphic information content (PIC) and optimum number of ISSR markers (ONM) for five Laeliinae orchids in order to assess genetic diversity. The phylogenetic relationships between Cattleya granulosa, an endangered Brazilian orchid, and four other native Brazilian species (Brassavola tuberculata, Cattleya bicolor, Cattleya labiata and Cattleya schofieldiana) were analyzed for genetic diversity and differentiation. The 11 selected primers generated 166 unambiguous loci (PIC = 0.354; ONM = 156). Of the five studied species, C. bicolor exhibited the highest level of genetic diversity (H E  = 0.219), while C. labiata exhibited the lowest level (H E  = 0.132). The percentage of genetic variation among species (analysis of molecular variance) was 23.26 %. The principal component analysis (PCA) of ISSR data showed that unifoliate and bifoliolate species are genetically divergent. Additionally, PCA indicated a close relation between C. granulosa and C. schofieldiana, a species considered to be a variety of C. granulosa by many researchers. Thus, we conclude that ISSR genetic markers are effective in detecting genetic differentiation among orchid species.

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the Brazilian agency “Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)” for providing a PhD fellowship to C.G. Fajardo. We also thank Dr. Evelyn Nimmo for editing the English language of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Botânica, Ecologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, CEP 59078-970, Brazil

    Cristiane Gouvêa Fajardo

  2. Unidade Acadêmica Especializada em Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Macaíba, RN, CEP 59280-000, Brazil

    Fábio de Almeida Vieira

  3. Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, CEP 59078-970, Brazil

    Wagner Franco Molina

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  1. Cristiane Gouvêa Fajardo
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Correspondence to Cristiane Gouvêa Fajardo.

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Fajardo, C.G., de Almeida Vieira, F. & Molina, W.F. Interspecific genetic analysis of orchids in Brazil using molecular markers. Plant Syst Evol 300, 1825–1832 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-014-1009-9

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