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High level of genetic variation within clonal orchid Goodyera repens

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Abstract

Type of reproduction has an important effect on the maintenance of particular populations and species persistence in time and space. This trait significantly influences the ecological and genetic structure of populations, and in consequence the evolution of species. The primary objectives of this study were: to estimate genetic diversity within and among populations of clonal species Goodyera repens from different populations in northeastern Poland, and to amount factors shaping the genetic structure of this orchid. Based on 451 rosettes of G. repens from 11 localities in northeastern Poland, we conducted a genetic population analysis using allozymes. We included information on population size, flowering, fruit set and seed dispersal to elucidate their influences on genetic diversity of this species. Populations differed according to demographic properties. The majority of seeds (86.4–94.8 %) were found at a distance of 0.2 m. We observed a high level of genetic (P PL = 50 %, A = 1.68, H O = 0.210, H E = 0.204) and genotypic diversity (G = 163, G/N S = 0.66, G U = 30.2 %), and low but statistically significant genetic differentiation among populations (F ST = 0.060; P < 0.001). We suggest that the genetic diversity of G. repens is mainly an effect of the abundance of pine and spruce forest communities suitable for this species in NE Poland and the high level of sexual reproduction.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Beata Ostrowiecka, Teresa Świerubska, Tomasz Suchocki and Cezary Werpachowski, who helped to collect samples in northeastern Poland. This research was funded by a Grant from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (2P04C 048 30).

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  1. Institute of Biology, University of Białystok, Świerkowa 20B, 15-950, Białystok, Poland

    Emilia Brzosko, Ada Wróblewska, Edyta Jermakowicz & Adam Hermaniuk

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  1. Emilia Brzosko
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Emilia Brzosko.

Appendix 1

Appendix 1

Allele frequencies in Goodyera repens populations in NE Poland (bold, unique allele)

 

PGM

PGI-1

PGD-6

GOT-2

GOT-3

a

b

a

b

a

b

c

a

b

c

a

b

c

d

B1

0.829

0.171

0.229

0.771

0.000

0.700

0.300

0.000

0.471

0.529

0.000

0.743

0.257

0.000

B2

0.936

0.064

0.457

0.543

0.074

0.830

0.096

0.000

0.266

0.734

0.000

0.372

0.447

0.181

K1

0.878

0.122

0.488

0.512

0.012

0.915

0.073

0.000

0.219

0.780

0.000

0.573

0.390

0.036

K2

0.913

0.086

0.260

0.740

0.029

0.913

0.058

0.067

0.356

0.577

0.000

0.346

0.510

0.144

A1

0.905

0.095

0.429

0.571

0.000

0.833

0.167

0.000

0.476

0.524

0.012

0.214

0.774

0.000

A2

0.789

0.210

0.386

0.614

0.096

0.825

0.079

0.000

0.219

0.781

0.017

0.263

0.491

0.228

A3

0.667

0.333

0.385

0.615

0.026

0.731

0.244

0.000

0.397

0.603

0.000

0.256

0.731

0.013

A4

0.875

0.125

0.375

0.625

0.000

0.750

0.250

0.000

0.500

0.500

0.000

0.250

0.625

0.125

R1

0.855

0.145

0.474

0.526

0.053

0.947

0.000

0.000

0.421

0.579

0.000

0.382

0.579

0.039

V1

0.684

0.316

0.434

0.566

0.158

0.724

0.118

0.000

0.526

0.474

0.000

0.263

0.684

0.053

V2

0.890

0.110

0.219

0.780

0.024

0.829

0.146

0.110

0.146

0.744

0.000

0.232

0.524

0.244

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Brzosko, E., Wróblewska, A., Jermakowicz, E. et al. High level of genetic variation within clonal orchid Goodyera repens . Plant Syst Evol 299, 1537–1548 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-013-0817-7

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