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Genetic diversity, structure, and patterns of differentiation in the genus Vitis

Plant Systematics and Evolution volume 299, pages 317–330 (2013)Cite this article

Abstract

Vitis (Vitaceae) is a taxonomically complicated genus with ca. 60 taxa divided into two subgenera, Vitis and Muscadinia. We used population genetic approaches to gain insights into the genetic diversity, patterns of evolutionary differentiation and to decipher the taxonomic status of some of the controversial taxa within the genus Vitis. The distance- and model-based analyses were used to examine the phylogenetic structure within the genus Vitis using simple sequence repeat (SSR) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. The results closely matched the current classification, but some discrepancies in the identity of taxa at the specific and subspecific levels were still evident. The East Asia and the North American Vitis exhibited strong divergence and each group showed further differentiation into several subgroups with North American subgroups roughly matching the described series. The model based cluster analysis indicated 14 clusters as optimum to explain the genetic structure within the genus Vitis with most clusters containing a moderate frequency of admixed genotypes suggesting interspecific gene flow within the subgenus Vitis. Hierarchical partitioning of molecular variation indicated that a significant amount of the total variation (~74 % and ~69 % for SSRs and AFLPs, respectively) is accounted for by intraspecific variation as compared to the levels due to genetic differentiation among species within series (~17 % and ~20 % for SSRs and AFLPs, respectively) and among series within the genus Vitis (~9 % and ~10 % for SSRs and AFLPs, respectively). Overall, Vitis possesses mild genetic structure characterized by reticulation and incomplete lineage sorting of ancestral polymorphisms.

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Acknowledgments

This research is supported by the grant 5306-21000-018-00D from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. We are grateful to Dr. Peter Cousins for providing the plant samples of some of the grape genotypes from his rootstock breeding program.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. USDA-ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository, One Shields Avenue (UC Davis), Davis, CA, 95616, USA

    M. Aradhya, B. H. Prins, A. M. Koehmstedt & J. E. Preece

  2. College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People’s Republic of China

    Y. Wang

  3. Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA

    M. A. Walker

  4. Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA

    D. Velasco

  5. Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada

    J. M. Gerrath

  6. Foundation Plant Services, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA

    G. S. Dangl

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  1. M. Aradhya
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Correspondence to M. Aradhya.

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Aradhya, M., Wang, Y., Walker, M.A. et al. Genetic diversity, structure, and patterns of differentiation in the genus Vitis . Plant Syst Evol 299, 317–330 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-012-0723-4

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