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Genetic variation and cultivar identification in Cymbidium ensifolium

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Abstract

As a popular flowering species with many cultivars, Cymbidium ensifolium (L.) is commercially important in horticulture. However, so far little has been known about genetic diversity and conservation genetics of this species. Understanding of the genetic variation and relationships in cultivars of C. ensifolium is a prerequisite for development of future germplasm conservation and cultivar improvement. Here we report assessment of genetic variations in C. ensifolium cultivars using the DNA fingerprinting technique of inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR). A total of 239 ISSR loci were identified and used for evaluation of genetic variation with a selection of 19 ISSR primers. Among these ISSR loci, 99.16% were polymorphic with wide genetic variation as shown by Nei’s gene diversity (H = 0.2431) among 85 tested cultivars. ISSR fingerprinting profiles showed that each cultivar had its characteristic DNA pattern, indicating unequivocal cultivar identification at molecular level. Eighteen cultivar-specific ISSR markers were identified in seven cultivars. The cultivar Sijiwenhan was confirmed as hybrid by four ISSR primers. Several cultivars with same name but different geographical origins were distinguished based on their ISSR profiles. A dendrogram generated with ISSR markers could group 73 of 85 cultivars into four major clusters. Further analysis of ISSR variation revealed that about 69% of total genetic variation in this species is due to genetic divergence inside geographical groups. Our results suggest that both germplasm collection and in situ conservation are important for future planning of C. ensifolium species conservation.

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Abbreviations

ISSR:

Inter-simple sequence repeats

PCA:

Principal component analysis

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

UPGMA:

Unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means

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Acknowledgments

This research was funded in part by the National Natural Science Foundation (Nos. 30670199, 30870180 and 31070298), the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (Nos. X305692 and X301406), the Zhejiang Scientific and Technological Program (2008C12081), the Hangzhou Scientific and Technological Program (2005132H06), and the Qianjiang Scholar Program.

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Author notes

  1. Jiang-Jie Lu

    Present address: Soybean Research Institute, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310018, China

    Hui-Zhong Wang, Jiang-Jie Lu & Xu Hu

  2. Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria, V8Z 1M5, Canada

    Jun-Jun Liu

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  1. Hui-Zhong Wang
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Correspondence to Hui-Zhong Wang.

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Wang, HZ., Lu, JJ., Hu, X. et al. Genetic variation and cultivar identification in Cymbidium ensifolium . Plant Syst Evol 293, 101–110 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-011-0429-z

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