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Genetic diversity among endangered Uruguayan populations of Butia Becc. species based on ISSR

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Abstract

The genus Butia Becc. (Arecaceae) comprises 18 species distributed exclusively in South America, four of them in Uruguay: Butia lallemantii, B. paraguayensis, B. yatay and B. capitata. All species show serious regeneration problems which jeopardise their continuity in the near future. Butia lallemantii and B. paraguayensis are in the most critical situation, with restricted distributions (fragmented and reduced by cattle grazing and forestation) and populations with few individuals. Taxonomy in the genus is complex, and species delimitation remains unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the genetic variability of natural populations of B. paraguayensis, B. lallemantii and B. yatay, based on inter–simple sequence repeat markers, in view of long term conservation plans and to assist the taxonomic resolution of these closely related species. Twenty individuals from each population were sampled including four populations of B. lallemantii, three of B. yatay and the only B. paraguayensis population reported for Uruguay. Syagrus romanzoffiana was used as outgroup. Five primers were selected based on amplification profiles. Relationships among species were evaluated by constructing dendrograms and principal coordinates analysis. Genetic distance analyses indicate the existence of low variability among Butia species. Variability within populations was high, possibly due to gene flow, past hybridisation or life history traits. This variability provides great potential for recovery. Results do not allow us to suggest changes to the present taxonomic status of these species. We propose management recommendations involving restoration of recruitment and augmentation via stocks from within populations.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by a grant from Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación (ANII) Fondo Clemente Estable (project ID FCE2007_612, Uruguay) and Universidade de Caxias do Sul (Brazil). Gaiero was supported by a post-graduate grant from Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (Uruguay), and her internship at Universidade de Caxias do Sul was financed by Comisión Sectorial Investigación Científica, Universidad de la República (CSIC-UdelaR, Uruguay). We wish to thank L. Noblick for plant identification, J. Zacaría for assistance in DNA extractions and P. Speranza, G. García and M. Rivas for useful comments on the manuscript and figures. We are thankful to anonymous reviewers for their invaluable suggestions and insights. We are grateful to COFUSA, FYMNSA and Weyerhaeuser for kindly allowing sample collection on their property and to their staff for assistance in the field.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Avenida Garzón 780, 12900, Montevideo, Uruguay

    P. Gaiero & C. Mazzella

  2. Departamento de Botânica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Prédio 43433, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil

    G. Agostini

  3. Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, PO Box 1352, R. Francisco Getúlio Vargas, 1130, Petrópolis, Caxias do Sul, RS, 95001-970, Brazil

    S. Bertolazzi & M. Rossato

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  1. P. Gaiero
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  3. G. Agostini
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  4. S. Bertolazzi
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Correspondence to P. Gaiero.

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Gaiero, P., Mazzella, C., Agostini, G. et al. Genetic diversity among endangered Uruguayan populations of Butia Becc. species based on ISSR. Plant Syst Evol 292, 105–116 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-010-0412-0

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