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Ecological differentiation and cladogenesis of Baldellia (L.) Parl. (Alismataceae)

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Abstract

The Iberian Peninsula is home to a large number of endemic species that often show strong genetic subdivisions which indicate possible isolation of populations in the past. Numerous phylogeographic and phylogenetic studies on Iberian flora and fauna have revealed this territory to be the origin of genetic differentiation during the Pleistocene Ice Age. To better understand the influence of Plio-Pleistocene climatic oscillations on the cladogenesis and population structuring of refugial taxa restricted to freshwaters of the Iberian Peninsula, we studied the evolutionary history of the small European genus Baldellia, both from a phylogenetic/phylogeographic perspective and regarding its ecological characteristics. Molecular analyses were based on four plastid regions and nuclear ITS2 ribosomal spacer from individuals belonging to geographically isolated Baldellia populations, while the relationships between climate and Baldellia species distribution was investigated by redundancy analysis applied to the climatic data with the occurrence of Baldellia species as external variables. The absence of a clear phylogenetic signal most likely reflects a common and recent cladogenesis for Baldellia. In contrast, the more rapidly evolving plastid sequences indicate a recent phylogeographic history of refugial repartition and ecological segregation probably occurring during the last glaciation, a scenario well supported by marked differences in species’ ecological preferences and climate analysis.

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Acknowledgements

This work was funded partly with a grant provided by the Spanish Ministry of Education within the programme grants for university teachers. We would like to thank Prof. Salvatore Cozzolino from the University of Naples (Italy) for his expert advice, Dr. Chiara Settanni and Dr. Davide Perroni for their valuable scientific advice, and Dr Itziar López and Dr Carla Pinto Cruz for the loan of specimens.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain

    Emanuela Agostinelli, Jose Antonio Molina & Cristina Pardo

  2. Dipartimento di Biologia Strutturale e Funzionale, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126, Naples, Italy

    Donata Cafasso

Authors
  1. Emanuela Agostinelli
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  2. Jose Antonio Molina
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  3. Cristina Pardo
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  4. Donata Cafasso
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Emanuela Agostinelli.

Appendix

Appendix

Appendix 1 Taxon; code; geographic origin; Herbarium (MAF)* and Genebank number. Dark circles shows the individuals taken from de Herbarium MAF.

Baldellia alpestris (Coss.) Vasc; Lav1; Lavater, Lumbreras, Spain; MAF 168341. Baldellia alpestris (Coss.) Vasc; Cor6; Corconte, Reinosa, Spain; MAF 168344. Baldellia alpestris (Coss.) Vasc; Qui8; Quintanar de la Sierra, Neila, Spain; MAF 168336. Baldellia alpestris (Coss.) Vasc; Lug9•; Cospeito, Feira do Monte, Lugo, Spain; MAF 160788. Baldellia alpestris (Coss.) Vasc; Pon11•; Pontevedra, A Estrada, Spain; MAF 151049. Baldellia alpestris (Coss.) Vasc; Bez12; Bezana, Burgos, Spain; MAF 168343. Baldellia alpestris (Coss.) Vasc; Ebr13; Embalse rio Ebro Spain; MAF 168340. Baldellia alpestris (Coss.) Vasc; Cer14; Cervera de Pisuerga, Spain; MAF 168338. Baldellia ranunculoides (L.) Parl; Nav2; Navalmoral de la Mata, Cáceres, Spain; MAF. Baldellia ranunculoides (L.) Parl; Lar3; Larache Marocco; MAF 168339. Baldellia ranunculoides (L.) Parl; Sun4; Suni, Sardinia, Italy; MAF 168337. Baldellia ranunculoides (L.) Parl; Bej5; Beja, Portugal; MAF 168342. Baldellia ranunculoides (L.) Parl; Huv7; Puntal de los Gonzales, Huelva, Spain; MAF 168345. Baldellia ranunculoides (L.) Parl; Cla10•; Clairmarais, Pas de Calais, France; MAF 13989. Luronium natans (L.) Raf.; L.nat; Quintanar de la Sierra, Sierra de Neila, Spain; MAF 168633.

* MAF Herbarium of the Phaculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid

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Agostinelli, E., Molina, J.A., Pardo, C. et al. Ecological differentiation and cladogenesis of Baldellia (L.) Parl. (Alismataceae). Plant Syst Evol 291, 173–182 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-010-0376-0

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