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Methylene blue-assisted molecularly-imprinted film modified nitrogen and sulfur co-doped molybdenum carbide for simultaneous electrochemical determination of two hepatotoxic drugs

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Abstract

A novel electrochemical sensor with a dual-template molecular imprinting technology was fabricated for the simultaneous detection of paracetamol (PAR) and isoniazid (INZ). The sensor was constructed using nitrogen and sulfur co-doped molybdenum carbide (N, S@Mo2C) and a thin layer of electro-polymerized methylene blue was applied onto the surface of the N, S@Mo2C. The electrochemical sensor demonstrated remarkable analytical efficiency for the concurrent PAR and INZ quantification under optimal circumstances. The system achieved an exceptionally low limit of detection (S/N = 3) of  3.7 nM for PAR, with a concentration range  of  0.013 and 140 µM.  A LOD of 7.6 nM was attained for INZ, with a linear range  between 0.025 and 140 µM. Furthermore, the platform’s selectivity was evaluated using differential pulse voltammetry  (DPV). The designed platform successfully detected PAR and INZ in authentic samples with recoveries varying between 98.3% and 104.9%. The relative standard deviations (RSD) for these measurements ranged from 2.7 to 4.0%, demonstrating that the proposed sensor is extremely stable, repeatable, and reproducible. These promising results suggest that the sensor holds potential for the detection of various (bio) molecules, paving the way for future applications in sensing fields.

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Acknowledgements

Authors would like to acknowledge the support of the Deputy for Research and Innovation-Ministry of Education, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for this research through a grant (NU/IFC/2/MRC/-/9) under the Institutional Funding Committee at Najran University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, 11001, Saudi Arabia

    Ali O. Alqarni, Ashraf M. Mahmoud & Bandar A. Alyami

  2. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia

    Ramadan Ali

  3. Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al Azhar University Assiut Branch, Assiut, 76521, Egypt

    Ramadan Ali

  4. Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 76521, Egypt

    Mohamed M. El-Wekil

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  1. Ali O. Alqarni
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Alqarni, A.O., Mahmoud, A.M., Alyami, B.A. et al. Methylene blue-assisted molecularly-imprinted film modified nitrogen and sulfur co-doped molybdenum carbide for simultaneous electrochemical determination of two hepatotoxic drugs. Microchim Acta 191, 123 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-024-06195-6

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