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Vortex-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on the hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent–based ferrofluid for extraction and detection of myclobutanil

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Abstract

A vortex-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (VA-DLLME) procedure using hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent–based ferrofluid (HDES-FF) as an extractant was established. The developed sample preparation method coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detector (HPLC–DAD) was applied to the pretreatment and determination of myclobutanil (MYC) in fruit juice. Hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent, synthesized by n-decanoic acid and dl-menthol, was as a carrier and combined with magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@OA) to form HDES-FF as an extractant with high extraction capacity. The synthesized materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Parameters affecting extraction efficiency were optimized using single-factor experiments and Box-Behnken design via response surface methodology (BBD-RSM). Parallel tests were performed three times under the optimal conditions predicted by the model, yielding an actual mean recovery of 94.77% with RSD of 2.7% (n = 3) and an enrichment factor of 41.8 ± 0.98 (mean value ± SD, n = 3). Under the optimal conditions, the linear range was 1.0–100.0 µg·mL−1; the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.25 and 0.80 µg·mL−1, respectively. The average spiked recoveries in the samples ranged from 98.2 to 100.5% with intra-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 1.2–3.5% (n = 3) and inter-day RSDs of 1.1–3.8% (n = 3). Finally, the method was successfully applied to the determination of MYC antimicrobial agent in different fruit juice samples. The proposed HDES-FF-VA-DLLME/HPLC–DAD method was verified to widely apply to the extraction of triazole fungicides.

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Data available on request from the authors.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Youqing Lift Program of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University (YQ202206) and the Middle-aged Backbone Personnel Training Program of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University (ZQN2016011).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenhe District, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, People’s Republic of China

    Yue Na, Jiawei Hong & Longshan Zhao

  2. Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222001, People’s Republic of China

    Xun Gao

  3. Guangdong Province, HC Enzyme Biotech Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, 518001, People’s Republic of China

    Xunyong Zhou

  4. School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110016, People’s Republic of China

    Ning Liang

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Contributions

Yue Na: methodology, validation, investigation, formal analysis, writing original draft, preparing revision; Xun Gao: methodology, supervision, resources, writing—review and editing; Jiawei Hong: data curation, software; Xunyong Zhou: methodology, writing—review and editing, revision; Ning Liang: methodology, supervision, resources, writing—review and editing; and Longshan Zhao: methodology, supervision, resources, writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to Ning Liang or Longshan Zhao.

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Na, Y., Gao, X., Hong, J. et al. Vortex-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on the hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent–based ferrofluid for extraction and detection of myclobutanil. Microchim Acta 190, 352 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-023-05884-y

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