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A highly sensitive and specific luminescent MOF determines nitric oxide production and quantifies hydrogen sulfide-mediated inhibition of nitric oxide in living cells

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Abstract

The synthesis of a novel carboxylate-type organic linker-based luminescent MOF (Zn(H2L) (L1)) (named PUC2) (H2L = 2-aminoterephtalic acid, L1 = 1-(3-aminopropyl) imidazole) is reported by the solvothermal method and comprehensively characterized using single-crystal XRD, PXRD, FTIR, TGA, XPS, FESEM, HRTEM, and BET. PUC2 selectively reacts with nitric oxide (▪NO) with a detection limit of 0.08 µM, and a quenching constant (0.5 × 104 M−1) indicating a strong interaction with ▪NO. PUC2 sensitivity remains unaffected by cellular proteins or biologically relevant metals (Cu2+/ Fe3+/Mg2+/ Na+/K+/Zn2+), RNS/ROS, or H2S to score ▪NO in living cells. Lastly, we used PUC2 to demonstrate that H2S inhibition increases ▪NO production by ~ 14–30% in various living cells while exogenous H2S suppresses ▪NO production, indicating that the modulation of cellular ▪NO production by H2S is rather generic and not restricted to a particular cell type. In conclusion, PUC2 can successfully detect ▪NO production in living cells and environmental samples with considerable potential for its application in improving the understanding of the role of ▪NO in biological samples and study the inter-relationship between ▪NO and H2S.

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Data availability

CCDC 1,993,716 contains the supplementary crystallographic data for this paper. Data can be requested via www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/data_request/cif, or by emailing data_request@ccdc.cam.ac.uk.

Abbreviations

XRD:

X-ray powder diffraction

PXRD:

Powder X-ray diffraction

FTIR:

Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy

TGA:

Thermogravimetric analysis

XPS:

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

FESEM:

Field emission scanning electron microscopy

HRTEM:

High-resolution transmission electron microscopy

BET:

Brunauer-Emmett-Teller

CBS:

Cystathionine beta-synthase

CSE:

Cystathionine gamma-lyase

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Acknowledgements

DST and GOI are acknowledged for PURSE Grant (II) and FIST(II) (SR/FISTIICSII-036/2015(c) and (G) dated 02.06.2016) for single crystal facility at the Department of Chemistry, Punjab University, Chandigarh. Ajay Kumar, Sheetal Negi, and Dr Vishal Mutreja acknowledge the CSIR-SRF program, and SERB National Post-Doctoral Fellowship, Govt of India.

Funding

This work is supported primarily through Har Gobind Khorana Innovative Young Biotechnologist Award (BT/11/IYBA/2018/01) to VS; and in part by DST-SERB (CRG/2018/004510), Life Science Research Board, DRDO, India (LSRB-375/SH&DD/2020) and Consortium for One Health to address Zoonotic and Transboundary Diseases in India (BT/PR39032/ADV/90/285/2020) to VS.

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Author notes

  1. Ajay Kumar and Sheetal Negi contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Punjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India

    Ajay Kumar, Vishal Mutreja, Sunaina Sunaina, Subash C. Sahoo, Surinder K. Mehta & Ramesh Kataria

  2. Laboratory of Infection Biology and Translational Research, Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India

    Sheetal Negi, Tejaswini Choudhury & Vikram Saini

  3. Department of Chemistry, University Institute of Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140301, India

    Vishal Mutreja

  4. Department of Chemistry, Terminal Ballistics Research Laboratory (TBRL), Defence Research and Development Organisation, Chandigarh, 160003, India

    Arjun Singh

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  1. Ajay Kumar
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Contributions

Experimentation and chemistry: AK. Biological and in vitro cellular studies: SN. Animal cell isolation studies: SN and TC. Data analysis: AK, SN, TC, SS, SCS, VM, AS, SKM, RK, and VS. Writing and editing: AK, SN, RK, and VS. Conceptualization: RK and VS. Overall supervision: RK and VS. Funding: VS.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Surinder K. Mehta, Ramesh Kataria or Vikram Saini.

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Ethical approval

The study is approved by the Institutional Ethical Committee AIIMS New Delhi (IECPG/708/29.09.20220, Institutional Animal Ethics Committee(IAEC) and Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBSC), AIIMS New Delhi (IBSC0521_VS).

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Kumar, A., Negi, S., Choudhury, T. et al. A highly sensitive and specific luminescent MOF determines nitric oxide production and quantifies hydrogen sulfide-mediated inhibition of nitric oxide in living cells. Microchim Acta 190, 127 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-023-05660-y

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