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Development of conducting cellulose paper for electrochemical sensing of procalcitonin

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Abstract

An electrochemical paper-based sensor was developed for the detection of bacterial infection (BI)-specific biomarker procalcitonin (PCT). Reduced graphene oxide-gold nanoparticles (rGO-AuNP) and poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) were synthesized and were fabricated to a disposable, portable, and inexpensive cellulose fiber paper (CFP) substrate. rGO-AuNP-PEDOT:PSS nanocomposite-modified conductive paper-based biosensing platform was efficaciously fabricated by a constant and simple coating procedure. rGO-AuNP-PEDOT:PSS nanocomposite-modified conductive paper electrode was found to provide a sensitive and conductive substrate for PCT detection. The presence of rGO-AuNP-PEDOT:PSS nanocomposite on CFP substate was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, field emission scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction studies. The electrochemical behavior of rGO-AuNP-PEDOT:PSS @CFP surface was studied with impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and chronoamperometry techniques. This low-cost paper-based biosensor has a linear range for PCT of 1 × 103 to 6 × 107 fg mL−1. This developed sensor exhibited good reproducibility with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of about 3.7%. The proposed CFP-based biosensor has been proven as an accelerated simple point-of-care (POC) exploratory approach for early PCT diagnosis in inadequate areas with limited production facilities, computational techniques, and highly skilled experts.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the support from Manipal University for the FESEM, EDX, FT-IR, and UV analysis and acknowledge Delhi Technological University for electrical conductivity measurements.

Funding

A. S. Ghrera thanks financial support received from Science and Engineering Board (DST), India under the Young Scientist project (YSS/2015/001330).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Applied Science Department, The NorthCap University, HUDA-Sector 23A, Gurugram, India

    Yachana Gupta & Aditya Sharma Ghrera

  2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, 122505, Haryana, India

    Chandra Mouli Pandey

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Gupta, Y., Pandey, C.M. & Ghrera, A.S. Development of conducting cellulose paper for electrochemical sensing of procalcitonin. Microchim Acta 190, 32 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-022-05596-9

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