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An alternating current electrokinetics biosensor for rapid on-site serological screening of Taenia solium cysticercosis infection

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Abstract

Cysticercosis, caused by Taenia solium infection, is a leading cause of acquired epilepsy in many developing countries. Several types of immunoassays have been developed for the detection of Taenia solium infection in both infected humans and livestock animals. However, these methods require central laboratory facilities and are both time- and labor-consuming with longer than desired turnaround time. In this work, we demonstrated that AC electrokinetics (ACEK) capacitive sensing can be used to realize point-of-care immunosensor in general, with the on-site screening of Taenia solium infection as an example here. The sensor employs interdigitated microelectrodes (IDME) functionalized with a recombinant Taenia solium antigen, rT24H, to detect anti-rT24H antibodies in clinical serum samples. ACEK capacitive sensing method interrogates the IDME sensors with a special AC signal, which serves the dual purposes of enriching target antibodies by ACEK effects and directly measuring the capacitance change induced by specific binding. First, to characterize the ACEK biosensor as an immunosensor in general, IgG in phosphate-buffered saline buffer was tested against IDME sensors functionalized with anti-IgG. The limit of detection of the sensor was 24.1 fg/mL, and the linear dynamic range was 0.1–100 pg/mL. To test the clinical usage of this sensor, ACEK capacitive sensors with rT24H probe were used to test clinical serum samples from patients with or without Taenia solium infection. The diagnostic sensitivity of the ACEK capacitive sensor for Taenia solium infection was found to be 88.24%. ACEK capacitive immunosensors have shown good potential for point-of-care diagnostics.

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Abbreviations

ACEK:

AC electrokinetics

ACET:

AC electrothermal effect

ELISA:

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

EITB:

Enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot

IDME:

Interdigitated microelectrodes

IgG:

Immunoglobulin G

LLGP:

Lentil lectin-bound glycoproteins

POC:

Point-of-care

EDL:

Electrical double layer

EIS:

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

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Acknowledgements

We thank Prof. Sukwan Handali of the US CDC for providing the antigen rT24H, pooled serum samples, and clinical serum samples.

Funding

This work was supported by The University of Tennessee Interdisciplinary Seed grant, the US NSF CPS/USDA NIFA (Grant No. 2017–67007-26150), and the US DHS (Grant No. D15PC00284). X. Lin received support from China’s National Foreign Expert project (Grant No. G2022165024L) and Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing, China (Grant No. CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0560).

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Author notes

  1. Xiaogang Lin and Yu Jiang contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and System of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China

    Xiaogang Lin & Nan Wan

  2. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA

    Xiaogang Lin, Yu Jiang, Jie Jayne Wu & Nan Wan

  3. Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA

    Shigetoshi Eda

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  1. Xiaogang Lin
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Contributions

J. W. was responsible for the overall investigation and the manuscript reviewing. X. L. and Y. J. were responsible for experiment design, data collecting, and original manuscript writing. S. E. was responsible for sample preparation. W. N. was responsible for original manuscript reviewing.

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Correspondence to Xiaogang Lin or Jie Jayne Wu.

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Lin, X., Jiang, Y., Wu, J.J. et al. An alternating current electrokinetics biosensor for rapid on-site serological screening of Taenia solium cysticercosis infection. Microchim Acta 189, 476 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-022-05575-0

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