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TiO2/MXene-PVA/GO hydrogel-based electrochemical sensor for neurological disorder screening via urinary norepinephrine detection

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Abstract

A hydrogel based on titanium dioxide/MXene with polyvinyl alcohol/graphene oxide (TiO2/MXene-PVA/GO) composite was successfully formulated and applied to modify a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) for urinary norepinephrine (NE) detection. The characterization confirmed that a nanocomposite hydrogel structure of TiO2/MXene-PVA/GO was formed. The as-prepared hydrogel substantially enhanced the sensor performances due to electrocatalytic activity of TiO2, high conductivity of MXene, and auto-sample preconcentration via PVA/GO hydrogel. The electrochemical behavior of NE was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and amperometry. Under optimized conditions, the TiO2/MXene-PVA/GO hydrogel/SPCE response due to the oxidation of NE at +0.4 V (vs. Ag|AgCl) is proportional to the concentration of NE over 0.01 to 1.00 μM (R2 = 0.9968) and 1.00 to 60.0 μM (R2 = 0.9936) ranges with a detection limit (3σ) of 6 nM without interferent effect from common interferences in urine. Furthermore, this sensor was employed for urinary NE determination and validated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a UV detector at 280 nm; the average recovery was found to be 97.6 to 102%, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 4.9%. This device was sensitive enough to evaluate an early stage of neurological disorder via detecting clinically relevant NE level. Eventually, it was integrated with pantyliners which could be a potential wearable sensor in the near future.

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Acknowledgements

Siraprapa Boobphahom would like to thank Rachadapisek Somphot Fund, Chulalongkorn University for her postdoctoral fellowship.

Funding

This research is funded by National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT) : N41A640074.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Soi Chula 12, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand

    Siraprapa Boobphahom, Jiaqian Qin, Pranee Rattanawaleedirojn & Nadnudda Rodthongkum

  2. Nanoscience and Technology Interdisciplinary Program, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand

    Tatiya Siripongpreda & DongDong Zhang

  3. Center of Excellence in Responsive Wearable Materials, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand

    Jiaqian Qin, Pranee Rattanawaleedirojn & Nadnudda Rodthongkum

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  1. Siraprapa Boobphahom
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  2. Tatiya Siripongpreda
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  3. DongDong Zhang
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  4. Jiaqian Qin
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  6. Nadnudda Rodthongkum
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Correspondence to Nadnudda Rodthongkum.

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Highlights

• TiO2/MXene-PVA/GO hydrogel modified electrode was created as a urinary NE sensor.

• The material combination enhanced the overall sensor performances offering two linear ranges of 0.01–1.00 μM and 1.00–60.0 μM with LOD of 8.0 nM.

• The sensor sensitivity was sufficient for the detection of concerned NE level in neurological disease screening.

• This sensor was successfully integrated with pantyliners for urinary NE detection validated by a HPLC-UV method.

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Boobphahom, S., Siripongpreda, T., Zhang, D. et al. TiO2/MXene-PVA/GO hydrogel-based electrochemical sensor for neurological disorder screening via urinary norepinephrine detection. Microchim Acta 188, 387 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-021-04945-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-021-04945-4

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