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Electrochemical immunosensor development based on core-shell high-crystalline graphitic carbon nitride@carbon dots and Cd0.5Zn0.5S/d-Ti3C2Tx MXene composite for heart-type fatty acid–binding protein detection

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Abstract

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a significant health problem owing to its high mortality rate. Heart-type fatty acid–binding protein (h-FABP) is an important biomarker in the diagnosis of AMI. In this work, an electrochemical h-FABP immunosensor was developed based on Cd0.5Zn0.5S/d-Ti3C2Tx MXene (MXene: Transition metal carbide or nitride) composite as signal amplificator and core-shell high-crystalline graphitic carbon nitride@carbon dots (hc-g-C3N4@CDs) as electrochemical sensor platform. Firstly, a facile calcination technique was applied to the preparation of hc-g-C3N4@CDs and immobilization of primary antibody was performed on hc-g-C3N4@CDs surface. Then, the conjugation of the second antibody to Cd0.5Zn0.5S/d-Ti3C2Tx MXene was carried out by strong π-π and electrostatic interactions. The prepared electrochemical h-FABP immunosensor was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD) method, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The prepared electrochemical h-FABP immunosensor indicated a good sensitivity with detection limit (LOD) of 3.30 fg mL−1 in the potential range +0.1 to +0.5 V. Lastly, low-cost, satisfactory stable, and environmentally friendly immunosensor was presented for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.

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Acknowledgements

Mehmet Lütfi YOLA would like to thank the Turkish Academy of Sciences for their invaluable support in respect to The Young Scientists Award Programme, TÜBA-GEBIP (2019). The study was partially supported by this award.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Department of Electricity and Energy, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey

    Ceren Karaman

  2. Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Medical Imaging Techniques, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey

    Onur Karaman

  3. Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey

    Necip Atar

  4. Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep, Turkey

    Mehmet Lütfi Yola

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Karaman, C., Karaman, O., Atar, N. et al. Electrochemical immunosensor development based on core-shell high-crystalline graphitic carbon nitride@carbon dots and Cd0.5Zn0.5S/d-Ti3C2Tx MXene composite for heart-type fatty acid–binding protein detection. Microchim Acta 188, 182 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-021-04838-6

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