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TiO2-coated 2D photonic crystals for reflectometric determination of malachite green

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Abstract

A “detect and destroy” strategy is reported for the spectroscopic determination and photocatalytic degradation of Malachite Green (MG) in aqueous solutions. The intensity of the reflection peak maxima from the TiO2-coated 2D-photonic crystal (PhC) at 633 nm wavelength undergoes a gradual decrease with increasing concentrations of MG. The determination of MG was readily achieved in the nanomolar range due to the quenching of the reflection intensity of the peak, measured using a fiber optic probe. The assay works in the 1.0 nM to 10 μM MG concentration range with a detection limit of 1.3 nM. The same TiO2-coated 2D-PhC surface can photocatalytically degrade MG in aqueous solutions under UV irradiation. The photocatalytic degradation in the presence of TiO2-coated 2D-PhC becomes evident as the blue color of MG changes to colorless with increasing irradiation time. The decrease in absorption is detected at 617 nm. It was found that the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2 was synergistically enhanced in the presence of 2D-PhCs. It is concluded that each component of the TiO2-coated 2D-PhC system plays a key role in the detection and degradation of MG.

Schematic representation for reflectometric detection and photocatalytic degradation of hazardous Malachite Green dye using TiO2-coated two-dimensional photonic crystals.

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Acknowledgments

B. R. P. gratefully acknowledges a PhD award from Ontario Graduate Scholarship (OGS). This work received financial support from the University of Toronto at Scarborough. K. K. holds a Canada Research Chair. This work was supported by the Canada Research Chair Tier-2 award for “Bioelectrochemistry of Proteins” (project no. 950- 231116), Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation (project no. 35272), Discovery Grant (project no: 3655) from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), and the Canada Foundation for Innovation (project no. 35272). We would like to thank Mr. Robert Temkin and Ms. Durga Acharya from the Centre for the Neurobiology of Stress (University of Toronto Scarborough) for his assistance with XTEM and Dr. Rana Sodhi from the Surface Interface Ontario (University of Toronto) for his assistance with ToF SIMS images and data analysis.

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Author notes

  1. Bhargav R. Patel and Kenichi Maeno contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada

    Bhargav R. Patel, Hashwin V. S. Ganesh & Kagan Kerman

  2. Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai-shi, 599-8531, Japan

    Kenichi Maeno & Tatsuro Endo

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  1. Bhargav R. Patel
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Correspondence to Kagan Kerman.

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Patel, B.R., Maeno, K., Ganesh, H.V.S. et al. TiO2-coated 2D photonic crystals for reflectometric determination of malachite green. Microchim Acta 186, 844 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-019-3976-6

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