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Differential pulse voltammetric determination of the carcinogenic diamine 4,4′-oxydianiline by electrochemical preconcentration on a MoS2 based sensor

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Abstract

An electrochemical sensor for the carcinogen 4,4′-oxydianiline (Oxy) is described. The method is based on the ability of MoS2 nanosheets to preconcentrate Oxy. A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was covered, by drop-casting, with MoS2 nanosheets that were obtained by exfoliation. X-Ray photoemission spectroscopy indicates that Oxy accumulates on the MoS2 nanosheets through an electropolymerization process similar to that reported for aniline. Both electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy were used to characterize the electrode surface at the different stages of device fabrication. Employing the current measured at +0.27 V vs. Ag/AgCl after Oxy adsorption, the modified GCE enables the voltammetric detection of Oxy at 80 nM levels with relative errors and relative standard deviations of <8.3 and <5.6%, respectively, at all the concentrations studied. The method was applied to the selective determination of Oxy in spiked river water samples. Very good selectivity and recoveries of around 95% in average are found.

Schematic representation of 4,4-oxydianiline electrochemical polymerization and preconcentration onto molybdenum disulfide nanosheets for the diamine determination in river waters.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge financial support from the Spanish MICINN (MAT2017-85089-C2-1-R, MAT2017-85089-C2-2-R) and the EU via the ERC-Synergy Program (grant ERC-2013-SYG-610256 NANOCOSMOS) and Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program (Graphene Flagship-core2 - 785219) and the Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid (P2018/NMT-4349, TRANSNANOAVANSENS-CM and P2018/NMT-4367 FOTOART).

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  1. Departamento de Química Analítica y Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Ciencias, c/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente, N°7, Campus de Excelencia de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain

    María del Pozo, Elías Blanco, María Dolores Petit-Domínguez, Elena Casero & Carmen Quintana

  2. ESISNA Group, Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (CSIC), c/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz N°3. Campus de Excelencia de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain

    Carlos Sánchez-Sánchez, Luis Vázquez & José Ángel Martín-Gago

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  1. María del Pozo
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Correspondence to Carmen Quintana.

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del Pozo, M., Sánchez-Sánchez, C., Vázquez, L. et al. Differential pulse voltammetric determination of the carcinogenic diamine 4,4′-oxydianiline by electrochemical preconcentration on a MoS2 based sensor. Microchim Acta 186, 793 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-019-3906-7

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