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Synergistic effect of MoS2 and diamond nanoparticles in electrochemical sensors: determination of the anticonvulsant drug valproic acid

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Abstract

The authors describe an electrochemical sensor based on the use of diamond nanoparticles (DNPs) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) platelets. The sensor was applied to the voltammetric determination of the anticonvulsant valproic acid which was previously derivatized with ferrocene. The MoS2 platelets were obtained by an exfoliation method, and the DNPs were directly dispersed in water and subsequently deposited on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The sensor response was optimized in terms of the solvent employed for dispersing the MoS2 nanomaterial and the method for modifying the GCE. Sensors consisting of a first layer of MoS2 dispersed in ethanol/water and a second layer of DNPs give better response. The single steps of sensor construction were characterized by atomic force microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The differential pulse voltammetric response of the GCE (measured at +0.18 V vs. Ag/AgCl) was compared to that of sensors incorporating only one of the nanomateriales (DNPs or MoS2). The formation of a hybrid MoS2-DNP structure clearly improves performance. The GCE containing both nanomaterials exhibits high sensitivity (740 µA ⋅ mM−1 ⋅ cm−2), a 0.27 μM detection limit, and an 8% reproducibility (RSD). The sensor retained 99% of its initial response after 45 days of storage.

Electrochemical sensor by co-immobilization of MoS2 and diamond nanoparticles (DNP). The formation of a hybrid MoS2-DNP structure enhances the performance of the sensor towards valproic acid derivatized with a ferrocene group, when compared with sensors incorporating only DNP or MoS2.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (MAT2017-85089-C2-1-R, MAT2017-85089-C2-2-R) and the Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid (S2013/MIT-3029, NANOAVANSENS) for financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Química Analítica y Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Ciencias, c/Francisco Tomás y Valiente, N°7, Campus de Excelencia de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain

    María Dolores Petit-Domínguez, Carmen Quintana, María del Pozo, Ana María Parra-Alfambra & Elena Casero

  2. ESISNA group, Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM). Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain

    Luis Vázquez

  3. Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, c/Francisco Tomás y Valiente, N°7, Campus de Excelencia de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain

    Isabel Cuadrado

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  1. María Dolores Petit-Domínguez
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  2. Carmen Quintana
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  3. Luis Vázquez
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Correspondence to Elena Casero.

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Petit-Domínguez, M.D., Quintana, C., Vázquez, L. et al. Synergistic effect of MoS2 and diamond nanoparticles in electrochemical sensors: determination of the anticonvulsant drug valproic acid. Microchim Acta 185, 334 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-018-2793-7

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