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Amperometric xanthine biosensors using glassy carbon electrodes modified with electrografted porous silica nanomaterials loaded with xanthine oxidase

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Abstract

Glassy carbon electrodes were modified with silica materials such as silica nanoparticles, mesoporous silica nanoparticles and mesoporous silica thin films with the aim to introduce scaffolds suitable for the immobilization of enzymes. Xanthine oxidase was selected as a model enzyme, and xanthine as the target analyte. A comparison of the modified electrodes showed the biosensor prepared with mesoporous silica nanoparticles to perform best. By using the respective biosensor, xanthine can be amperometrically determined (via measurement of enzymatically formed hydrogen peroxide) at a working voltage of 0.7 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) with a 0.28 μM detection limit. The biosensor was evaluated in terms of potential interferences, reproducibility and stability, and applied to the determination of fish freshness via sensing of xanthine.

A sensitive xanthine biosensor was built by modifying glassy carbon electrodes with mesoporous silica nanoparticles and xanthine oxidase. The silica nanochannels improve the bioelectrode performances to selectively detect the analyte over a wide range of concentrations (0.28–212 μM).

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Acknowledgments

Authors wish to acknowledge the financial support to this work from the Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (MHESR) and the University of Tunis El–Manar for the mobility grant (Bourse d’Alternance) awarded to MS. RV acknowledge to Ramón & Cajal contract from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. Financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación CTQ2011–24355, CTQ2012–34238 and Comunidad de Madrid S2013/MIT–3029, Program NANOAVANSENS are gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry (LR99ES15), University of Tunis El–Manar, 2092, Tunis El–Manar, Tunisia

    Maroua Saadaoui & Noureddine Raouafi

  2. Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain

    Maroua Saadaoui, Alfredo Sánchez, Paula Díez, José M. Pingarrón & Reynaldo Villalonga

  3. IMDEA Nanoscience, Campus University of Cantoblanco, C/Faraday, 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain

    José M. Pingarrón & Reynaldo Villalonga

Authors
  1. Maroua Saadaoui
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  2. Alfredo Sánchez
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  3. Paula Díez
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  4. Noureddine Raouafi
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  5. José M. Pingarrón
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  6. Reynaldo Villalonga
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Noureddine Raouafi, José M. Pingarrón or Reynaldo Villalonga.

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Saadaoui, M., Sánchez, A., Díez, P. et al. Amperometric xanthine biosensors using glassy carbon electrodes modified with electrografted porous silica nanomaterials loaded with xanthine oxidase. Microchim Acta 183, 2023–2030 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-016-1840-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-016-1840-5

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