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Simultaneous voltammetric determination of 2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol based on an acetylene black paste electrode modified with a graphene-chitosan composite

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Abstract

We describe a simple and sensitive voltammetric method for the simultaneous determination of 2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol. It is based on the use of an acetylene black paste electrode modified with a graphene-chitosan composite film (denoted as Gr-Chit/ABPE). The reduction peak currents of 2-nitrophenol (at −252 mV) and of 4-nitrophenol (at −340 mV) in pH 1.0 solution increase significantly at the Gr-Chit/ABPE in comparison to a bare ABPE. Factors affecting sensitivity were optimized and a linear relationship is found between peak current and the concentrations of 2-nitrophenol (in the 0.4 μM to 80 μM range) and for 4-nitrophenol (in the 0.1 μM to 80 μM range). The detection limits (at an SNR of 3 and after a 30-s accumulation time) are 200 nM for 2-nitrophenol and 80 nM for 4-nitrophenol, respectively. The modified electrode was successfully applied to the direct and parallel determination of 2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol in spiked water samples.

Graphene-chitosan nanocomposite was prepared by a chemical route. The as-prepared dispersion was immobilized on an acetylene black paste electrode by drop-coating method. This sensor showed excellent analytical performance for the simultaneous voltammetric determination of 2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21105024), the Project of Science and Technology Department of Hunan Province (No.2013FJ3078), the Project of Education Department of Hunan Province (No. 11CY002), the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Functional Organometallic Materials of Ordinary University in Hunan Province (No.12 K125), the Key Discipline Project of Hunan Province and the Research Award Fund for Outstanding Young Teachers of Hunan Province.

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  1. Department of Chemistry and Material Science, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421008, Hunan, People’s Republic of China

    Peihong Deng, Zhifeng Xu & Junhua Li

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  1. Peihong Deng
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  2. Zhifeng Xu
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  3. Junhua Li
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Correspondence to Peihong Deng.

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Deng, P., Xu, Z. & Li, J. Simultaneous voltammetric determination of 2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol based on an acetylene black paste electrode modified with a graphene-chitosan composite. Microchim Acta 181, 1077–1084 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-014-1206-9

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