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Ultrasound assisted cold-induced aggregation: an improved method for trace determination of volatile phenol

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Abstract

We report on a simple, rapid and efficient extraction procedure, referred to as ultrasound-assisted cold-induced aggregation (USA-CIAME), for the extraction of phenol from aqueous samples. In this method, very small amounts of the ionic liquid 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (the extractant) are dissolved in a sample solution containing phenol and ultrasonicated for 1 min. The solution is cooled in an ice bath upon which a cloudy solution forms. Following centrifugation, the extractant phase settles at the bottom of a conical-bottom centrifuge tube. Phenol is photometrically determined after its chromogenic reaction with 4-aminoantipyrine in the presences of hexacyanoferrate at pH 10.0. Compared to the conventional cold-induced aggregation microextraction (CIAME) and dispersive liquid liquid microextraction (DLLME), the optimized approach displays the highest extraction efficiency at room temperature, and the shortest extraction time (5 min). Key parameters affecting the performance were evaluated and optimized. Under optimum conditions, the limit of detection of phenol is 0.86 μg L−1, and the enrichment factor is 75. The calibration graph as linear over the range from 3 to 150 μg L−1, and the relative standard deviation is 2.65% (n = 5). The method was successfully applied to the determination of phenol in water samples.

Schematic representation Ultrasound assisted Cold- induced aggregation (USA-CIAME), which is effective sample pretreatment technique present large extraction efficiencies for the extraction and determination of volatile phenol from aqueous samples and represent a new platform for separation techniques.

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Acknowledgement

The Support by the Research Council of University of Tehran through Grant to conduct this study is gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University College of Science, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155–6455, Tehran, Iran

    Meysam Eisapour, Farzaneh Shemirani, Behrooz Majidi & Majid Baghdadi

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  1. Meysam Eisapour
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  2. Farzaneh Shemirani
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  3. Behrooz Majidi
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  4. Majid Baghdadi
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Correspondence to Farzaneh Shemirani.

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Eisapour, M., Shemirani, F., Majidi, B. et al. Ultrasound assisted cold-induced aggregation: an improved method for trace determination of volatile phenol. Microchim Acta 177, 349–355 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-012-0783-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-012-0783-8

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