Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Determination of trace palladium in complicated matrices by displacement dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Microchimica Acta Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We describe a method for displacement dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) along with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry for the determination of Pd(II) in complex environmental samples. In this method, Cu(II) is first complexed with diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC), and the resultant Cu-DDTC complex added to a sedimented phase and submitted to DLLME. In the second step, the sedimented phase is dispersed into the sample solution containing Pd, and another DLLME procedure is carried out. The Pd ions can displace Cu ions from the pre-extracted Cu-DDTC complex because the stability of the Pd-DDTC complex is higher than that of Cu-DDTC. As a result, Pd is preconcentrated. Potential interferences by transition metal ions of lower complex stability can be largely reduced as they cannot displace Cu from the Cu-DDTC complex. The tolerance limits for such ions are better by 2 to 4 orders of magnitude compared to conventional DLLME. The typical sample volume is 5 mL, and an enhancement factor of 96 and a detection limit (3 s) of 7.6 ng L-1 are achieved.

A displacement dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction is developed for the preconcentration of Pd(II) from complicated environmental samples. Potential interferences by transitional metal ions of lower complex stability can be largely reduced, and the tolerance limits for such ions were better by 2 to 4 orders of magnitude compared to conventional DLLME.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Rao CRM, Reddi GS (2000) Platinum group metals (PGM); occurrence, use and recent trends in their determination. Trends Anal Chem 19:565–586

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Merget R, Rosner G (2001) Evaluation of the health risk of platinum group metals emitted from automotive catalytic converters. Sci Total Environ 270:165–173

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Ravindra K, Bencs L, Grieken RV (2004) Platinum group elements in the environment and their health risk. Sci Total Environ 318:1–43

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Godlewska-Zylkiewicz B (2004) Preconcentration and separation procedures for the spectrochemical determination of platinum and palladium. Microchim Acta 147:189–210

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Soylak M, Tuzen M (2008) Coprecipitation of gold(III), palladium(II) and lead(II) for their flame atomic absorption spectrometric determinations. J Hazard Mater 152:656–661

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Anthemidis AN, Themelis DG, Stratis JA (2001) Stopped-flow injection liquid-liquid extraction spectrophotometric determination of palladium in airborne particulate matter and automobile catalysts. Talanta 54:37–43

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Ojeda CB, Rojas FS, Pavon JMC (2007) On-line preconcentration of palladium(II) using a microcolumn packed with a chelating resin, and its subsequent determination by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Microchim Acta 158:103–110

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Jamali MR, Assadi Y, Shemirani F, Salavati-Niasari M (2007) Application of thiophene-2-carbaldehyde-modified mesoporous silica as a new sorbent for separation and preconcentration of palladium prior to inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometric determination. Talanta 71:1524–1529

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Hassanien MM (2009) FAAS determination of palladium after its selective recovery by silica modified with hydrazone derivative. Microchim Acta 167:81–89

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Shemirani F, Kozani RR, Jamali MR, Assadi Y, Hosseini MRM (2006) Cloud-point extraction, preconcentration, and spectrophotometric determination of palladium in water samples. Inter J Environ Anal Chem 86:1105–1112

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Tavakoli L, Yamini Y, Ebrahimzadeh H, Nezhadali A, Shariati S, Nourmohammadian F (2008) Development of cloud point extraction for simultaneous extraction and determination of gold and palladium using ICP-OES. J Hazard Mater 152:737–743

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Herrera-Herrera AV, Asensio-Ramos M, Hernandez-Borges J, Rodriguez-Delgado MA (2010) Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for determination of organic analytes. Trends Anal Chem 29:728–751

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Zang XH, Wu QH, Zhang MY, Wang Z (2009) Developments of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction technique. Chinese J Anal Chem 37:161–168

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Anthemidis AN, Ioannou KIG (2009) Recent developments in homogeneous and dispersive liquid-liquid extraction for inorganic elements determination: A review. Talanta 80:413–421

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Yan XP, Li Y, Jiang Y (2002) A flow injection on-line displacement/sorption preconcentration and separation technique coupled with flame atomic absorption spectrometry for the determination of trace copper in complicated matrices. J Anal Atom Spectrom 17:610–615

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Li Y, Jiang Y, Yan XP, Ni ZM (2002) Determination of trace mercury in environmental and foods samples by online coupling of flow injection displacement sorption preconcentration to electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Environ Sci Technol 36:4886–4891

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Dong LM, Yan XP, Li Y, Jiang Y, Wang SW, Jiang DQ (2004) On-line coupling of flow injection displacement sorption preconcentration to high-performance liquid chromatography for speciation analysis of mercury in seafood. J Chromatogr A 1036:119–125

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Yan XP, Li Y, Jiang Y (2003) Selective measurement of ultratrace methylmercury in fish by flow injection on-line microcolumn displacement sorption preconcentration and separation coupled with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Anal Chem 75:2251–2255

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Fang J, Jiang Y, Yan XP, Ni ZM (2005) Selective quantification of trace palladium in road dusts and roadside soils by displacement solid-phase extraction online coupled with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Environ Sci Technol 39:288–292

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Christou CK, Anthemidis AN (2009) Flow injection on-line displacement/solid phase extraction system coupled with flame atomic absorption spectrometry for selective trace silver determination in water samples. Talanta 78:144–149

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Wu P, Gao Y, Cheng GL, Yang WS, Lv Y, Hou XD (2008) Selective determination of trace amounts of silver in complicated matrices by displacement-cloud point extraction coupled with thermospray flame furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. J Anal At Spectrom 23:752–757

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Bode H (1954) Systematische untersuchungen uber die anwendbarkeit der diathyldithiocarbaminate in der analyse. Fresenius Z Anal Chem 142:414–423

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Briscoe GB, Humphries S (1969) An investigation of the diethyldithio-carbamates of palladium, including the determination of their stability constants. Talanta 16:1403–1419

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Farajzadeh MA, Bahram M, Mehr BG, Jonsson JA (2008) Optimization of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of copper (II) by atomic absorption spectrometry as its oxinate chelate: Application to determination of copper in different water samples. Talanta 75:832–840

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Liang P, Zhao EH, Li F (2009) Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction preconcentration of palladium in water samples and determination by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Talanta 77:1854–1857

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People’s Republic of China

    Pei Liang & Ehong Zhao

Authors
  1. Pei Liang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ehong Zhao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Pei Liang.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Liang, P., Zhao, E. Determination of trace palladium in complicated matrices by displacement dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Microchim Acta 174, 153–158 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-011-0611-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-011-0611-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation