Abstract
A new surface ion-imprinted composite polymer containing 3-methyl-1-phenyl −4-(cis-acylbutenoic acid)-2-pyrazolin-5-one as the functional reagent is presented that is capable of extracting and preconcentrating traces of Th(IV) ion prior to its photometric determination. Parameters affecting the recovery of Th(IV) such as acidity, shaking time, initial concentration of Th(IV), elution condition, sample flow rate, and influence of potentially interfering ions were investigated. The maximum uptake capacity of this material and that of the non-imprinted polymer at pH 4.5 are 56.8 and 26.3 mg g−1, respectively. Recovery exceeds 95% and is complete within 5 min. A Langmuir isotherm fits the experimental data. The relative selectivity factor for Th(IV)/U(VI), Th(IV)/La(III), and Th(IV)/Ce(III) are 50.8, 78.3, and 82.6, respectively. The relative standard deviation is <2.5%, the detection limit is 0.54 μg L−1 (3σ). The imprinted polymer was coupled to spectrophotometry to separate and determine trace levels of Th(IV) in a soil standard material with satisfactory results.
![](http://media.springernature.com/lw685/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00604-011-0576-5/MediaObjects/604_2011_576_Figa_HTML.gif)
A new surface imprinted composite polymer containing MPABAP as the functional reagent was synthesized, and a relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) less than 2.5% and a detection limit of 0.54 μg L−1 (3σ) of the present method under the optimized conditions were obtained.
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00604-011-0576-5/MediaObjects/604_2011_576_Fig1_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00604-011-0576-5/MediaObjects/604_2011_576_Fig2_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00604-011-0576-5/MediaObjects/604_2011_576_Fig3_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00604-011-0576-5/MediaObjects/604_2011_576_Fig4_HTML.gif)
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Jain VK, Pandya RA, Pillai SG, Shrivastav PS (2006) Simultaneous preconcentration of uranium(VI) and thorium(IV) from aqueous solutions using a chelating calix[4]arene anchored chloromethylated polystyrene solid phase. Talanta 70:257
Rao TP, Metilda P, Gladis JM (2006) Preconcentration techniques for uranium (VI) and thorium (IV) prior to analytical determination-an overview. Talanta 68:1047
Bayyari MA, Nazal MK, Khalili FI (2010) The effect of ionic strength on the extraction of Thorium(IV) from perchlorate solution by didodecylphosphoric acid (HDDPA). Arab J Chem 3:115
Sharma JN, Ruhela R, Harindaran KN, Mishra SL, Tangri SK, Suri AK (2008) Separation studies of uranium and thorium using tetra(2-ethylhexyl) diglycolamide (TEHDGA) as an extractant. J Radional Nucl Chem 278:173
Kumar P, Rao A, Ramakumar KL (2009) Supercritical fluid extraction of thorium from tissue paper matrix employing β-diketones. Radiochimic Acta 97:105
Shimada-Fujiwara A, Hoshi A, Kameo Y, Nakashima M (2009) Influence of hydrofluoric acid on extraction of thorium using a commercially available extraction chromatographic resin. J Chromatogr A 1216:4125
Hosseini MS, Hosseini-Bandegharaei A (2010) Selective extraction of Th(IV) over U(VI) and other co-existing ions using eosin B-impregnated Amberlite IRA-410 resin beads. J Radional Nucl Chem 283:23
Daneshvar G, Jabbari A, Yamini Y, Paki D (2009) Determination of uranium and thorium in natural waters by ICP-OES after on-line solid phase extraction and preconcentration in the presence of 2, 3-dihydro-9, 10-dihydroxy-1, 4-antracenedion. J Anal Chem 64:602
Aydin FA, Soylak M (2007) Solid phase extraction and preconcentration of uranium(VI) and thorium(IV) on Duolite XAD761 prior to their inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric determination. Talanta 72:187
Thuman EM, Mills MS (1998) Solid Phase Extraction, in: Principles and Practice. Wiley, New York
Rao TP, Daniel S, Gladis JM (2004) Tailored materials for preconcentration or separation of metals by ion-imprinted polymers for solid-phase extraction (IIP-SPE). Trends Anal Chem 23:28
Gladis JM, Rao TP (2004) Effect of Porogen Type on the Synthesis of Uranium Ion Imprinted Polymer Materials for the Preconcentration/Separation of Traces of Uranium. Microchim Acta 146:251
Ng SM, Narayanaswamy R (2010) Demonstration of a simple, economical and practical technique utilising an imprinted polymer for metal ion sensing. Microchim Acta 169:303
Büyüktiryaki S, Say R, Ersöz A, Birlik E, Denizli A (2005) Selective preconcentration of thorium in the presence of UO 2+2 , Ce3+ and La3+ using Th(IV)-imprinted polymer. Talanta 67:640
Birlik E, Büyüktiryaki S, Ersöz A, Denizli A, Say R (2006) Selective Separation of Thorium Using Ion Imprinted Chitosan-Phthalate Particles via Solid Phase Extraction. Sep Sci Technol 41:3109
Li Y, Yang HH, You QH, Zhang ZX, Wang XR (2006) Protein Recognition via Surface Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanowires. Anal Chem 78:317
Chang XJ, Wang XY, Jiang N, He Q, Zhai YH, Zhu XB, Hu Z (2008) Silica gel surface-imprinted solid-phase extraction of Zr(IV) from aqueous solutions. Microchimica acta 162:113
Zhang XJ, Li CX, Yan YS, Pan JM, Xu PP, Zhao XH (2010) A Ce3+-imprinted functionalized potassium tetratitanate whisker sorbent prepared by surface molecularly imprinting technique for selective separation and determination of Ce3+. Microchim Acta 169:289
He Q, Chang XJ, Wu Q, Huang XP, Hu Z, Zhai YH (2007) Synthesis and applications of surface-grafted Th(IV)-imprinted polymers for selective solid-phase extraction of thorium(IV). Anal Chim Acta 605:192
Zhu XB, Cui YM, Chang XJ, Zou XJ, Li ZH (2009) Selective solid-phase extraction of lead(II) from biological and natural water samples using surface-grafted lead(II)-imprinted polymers. Microchim Acta 164:125
Akama Y, Sawada T, Ueda T (2005) Thermal and spectroscopic studies of scandium complex of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazolone. J Mol Struct 750:44
Raman N, Kulandaisamy A, Shunmugasundaram A, Jeyasubramanian K (2001) Synthesis, spectral, redox and antimicrobial activities of Schiff base complexes derived from 1-phenyl-2, 3-dimethyl-4-aminopyrazol-5-one and acetoacetanilide. Transition Met Chem 26:131
Marchetti F, Pettinari C, Pettinari R (2005) Acylpyrazolone ligands: Synthesis, structures, metal coordination chemistry and applications. Coord Chem Rev 249:2909
Yang WF, Yuan SG, Xu YB, Xiao YH, Xiong B (2003) Extraction of trace thorium from hydrochloric acid media by 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazolone. Nucl Sci Tech 14:246
Wang JL, Yang Y, Zhang SM, Zhang X, Miu FM (2003) Design, Synthesis and Bacteriostatic Activities of Acyl-pyrazolin Diketone Compounds. Chinese J Struct Chem 22:351
Etienne M, Walcarius A (2003) Analytical investigation of the chemical reactivity and stability of aminopropyl-grafted silica in aqueous medium. Talanta 59:1173
An YQ, Chen M, Xue QJ, Liu WM (2007) Preparation and self-assembly of carboxylic acid-functionalized silica. J Colloid Interface Sci 311:507
Standard of Nuclear Industry of the People’s Republic of China, EJ/T 814–94
Nakamoto K (1986) Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy of Inorganic and Coordination Compounds [M], 4th edn. Wiley, New York
Yavuz H, Say R, Denizli A (2005) Iron removal from human plasma based on molecular recognition using imprinted beads. Mater Sci Eng C 25:521
Vaghetti JCP, Lima EC, Royer B, da Cunha BM, Cardoso NF, Brasil JL, Dias SLP (2009) Pecan nutshell as biosorbent to remove Cu(II), Mn(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. J Hazard Mater 162:270
Zhang ZL, Xu XH, Yan YS (2010) Kinetic and thermodynamic analysis of selective adsorption of Cs(I) by a novel surface whisker-supported ion-imprinted polymer. Desalination 263:97
Acknowledgement
This research was supported by the Nature Science Fund of the Hunan Province (No. 10JJ6025).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
ESM 1
(DOC 2372 kb)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Cheng, Z., Wang, H., Wang, Y. et al. Synthesis and characterization of an ion-imprinted polymer for selective solid phase extraction of thorium(IV). Microchim Acta 173, 423–431 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-011-0576-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-011-0576-5