Abstract
Silica gel and nanometer SiO2 modified with 4-(2-aminoethylamino)-N-(2-(2-aminoethyl amino)ethyl)butanamide (SG-AAEB and nanometer SiO2-AAEB), which were prepared based on chemical immobilization, were used as sorbents for the solid phase extraction of Cu(II), Fe(III), and Pb(II) prior to their determination by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Adsorption efficiencies of the two sorbents towards metal ions were investigated by batch and column procedures. For both sorbents the preconcentration conditions of analytes including effects of pH, shaking time, sample flow rate and adsorption capacity, were investigated and compared. The differences of silica gel and nanometer SiO2 in sizes and surface structures resulted in distinct chemical activity and selectivity toward metals. At pH 4, the adsorption capacity of SG-AAEB was found to be 12.2, 14.5 and 9.8 mg g−1 for Cu(II), Fe(III), and Pb(II), respectively. In comparison, nanometer SiO2-AAEB showed a high selectivity toward Pb(II) and has a much larger adsorption capacity (22.3 mg g−1). Furthermore, the application of SG-AAEB and nanometer SiO2-AAEB for simultaneous preconcentration of trace Cu(II), Fe(III), and Pb(II) from natural samples was performed with satisfactory results.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Yang M, Li J, Wang J (2007) Field speciation of chromium with a sequential injection lab-on-valve incorporating a bismuthate immobilized micro-column. Talanta 72:1710
Liu Y, Guo Y, Chang X, Meng S, Yang D, Din B (2005) Column solid-phase extraction with 2-acetylmercaptophenyldiazoaminoazobenzene (AMPDAA) impregnated amberlite xad-4 and determination of trace heavy metals in natural waters by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Microchim Acta 149:95
Venkatesh G, Singh AK (2007) 4-{[(2-Hydroxyphenyl) imino]methyl}-1, 2-benzenediol (HIMB) anchored Amberlite XAD-16: preparation and applications as metal extractants. Talanta 71:282
Melek E, Tuzen M, Soylak M (2006) Flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination of cadmium (II) and lead (II) after their solid phase extraction as dibenzyldithiocarbamate chelates on Dowex Optipore V-493. Anal Chim Acta 578:213
Pyrzynska K, Trojanowicz M (1999) Functionalized cellulose sorbents for preconcentration of trace metals in environmental analysis. Crit Rev Anal Chem 29:313
Lian N, Chang X, Zheng H, Wang S, Cui Y, Zhai Y (2005) Application of dithizone-modified tio2 nanoparticles in the preconcentration of trace chromium and lead from sample solution and determination by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Microchim Acta 151:81
Jal PK, Patel S, Mishra BK (2004) Chemical modification of silica surface by immobilization of functional groups for extractive concentration of metal ions. Talanta 62:1005
Mahmoud ME, Osman M M, Amer MA (2000) Selective pre-concentration and solid phase extraction of mercury (II) from natural water by silica gel-loaded dithizone phases. Anal Chim Acta 415:33
Ngeontae W, Aeungmaitrepirom W, Tuntulani T (2007) Chemically modified silica gel with aminothioamidoanthraquinone for solid phase extraction and preconcentration of Pb(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II) and Cd(II). Talanta 71:1075
Liang P, Fa W (2005) Determination of La, Eu and Yb in water samples by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry after solid phase extraction of their 1-phenyl-3-methyl- 4-benzoylpyrazol-5-one complexes on silica gel column. Microchim Acta 150:15
Gentscheva G, Tzvetkova P, Vassileva P, Lakov L, Peshev O, Ivanova E (2007) Analytical characterization of a silica gel sorbent with thioetheric sites. Microchim Acta 156:303
Sadeghi S, Sheikhzadeh E (2008) Solid phase extraction using silica gel functionalized with Sulfasalazine for preconcentration of uranium(VI) ions from water samples. Microchim Acta 163:313
Yang L, Hu B, Jiang Z, Pan H (2004) On-line separation and preconcentration of trace metals in biological samples using a microcolumn loaded with pan-modified nanometer-sized titanium dioxide, and their determination by ICP-AES. Microchim Acta 144:227
Cui Y, Chang X, Zhu X, Jiang N, Hu Z, Lian N (2007) Nanometer SiO2 modified with 5-sulfosalicylic acid as selective solid-phase extractant for Fe(III) determination by ICP-AES from biological and natural water samples. Microchem J 86:23
Ma X, Huang B, Cheng M (2007) Analysis of trace mercury in water by solid phase extraction using dithizone modified nanometer titanium dioxide and cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry. Rare Met 26:541
Ramesh A, Devi BA, Hasegawa H, Maki T, Ueda K (2007) Nanometer-sized alumina coated with chromotropic acid as solid phase metal extractant from environmental samples and determination by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Microchem J 86:124
Vassileva E, Varimezova B, Hadjiivanov K (1996) Column solid-phase extraction of heavy metal ions on a high surface area CeO2 as a preconcentration method for trace determination. Anal Chim Acta 336:141
Suleiman J, Hu B, Pu X, Huang C, Jiang Z (2007) Nanometer-sized zirconium dioxide microcolumn separation/preconcentration of trace metals and their determination by ICP-OES in environmental and biological samples. Microchim Acta 159:379
Vassileva E, Hadjiivanov K (1997) Determination of trace elements in AR grade alkali salts after preconcentration by column solid-phase extraction on TiO2 (anatase). Fresenius J Anal Chem 357:881
Cui Y, Chang X, Zhai Y, Zhu X, Zheng H, Lian N (2006) ICP-AES determination of trace elements after preconcentrated with p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde-modified nanometer SiO2 from sample solution. Microchem J 83:35
Zhu X, Yang D, Chang X, Cui Y, Hu Z, Zou X (2008) Selective solid-phase extraction of trace Fe(III) from biological and natural water samples using nanometer SiO2 modified with acetylsalicylic acid. Microchim Acta 161:115
Zhai Y, Chang X, Cui Y, Lian N, Lai S, Zheng H, He Q (2006) Selective determination of trace mercury(II) after preconcentration with 4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol-modified nanometersized SiO2 particles from sample solutions. Microchim Acta 154:253
Badley RD, Ford W T, McEnroe FJ, Assinks RA (1990) Surface modification of colloidal silica. Langmuir 6:792
Huo YQ, Zhai YC (2003) Preparation of SiO2 nanoparticles with alkoxide hydrolysis precipitation method. Micronanoelectron Technol (Chinese) 9:26
He Q, Chang X, Zheng H, Jiang N, Hu Z, Zhai Y (2006) Preconcentration and separation of Zn2+ using surface zinc(II) imprinted functionalized silica gel sorbent. Chem Anal (Warsaw) 51:715
Han D, Fang G, Yan X (2005) Preparation and evaluation of a molecularly imprinted sol–gel material for on-line solid-phase extraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of trace pentachlorophenol in water samples. J Chromatogr A 1100:131
Parikah V (1974) Absorption Spectroscopy of Organic Molecules. Assison-Wesley Publishing Company, London
Pearson GR (1963) Hard and soft acids and bases. J Am Chem SOC 85:3533
Goswami A, Singh AK (2002) Silica gel functionalized with resacetophenone: synthesis of a new chelating matrix and its application as metal ion collector for their flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination. Anal Chim Acta 454:229
Maquieira A, Elmahadi H, Puchades R (1994) Immobilized cyanobacteria for on-line trace metal enrichment by flow injection atomic absorption spectrometry. Anal Chem 66:3632
Henglein A (1989) Small-particle research: physicochemical properties of extremely small colloidal metal and semiconductor particles. Chem Rev 89:1861
Zheng H, Chang X, Lian N, Wang S, Cui Y, Zhai Y (2006) ICP-AES determination of trace elements preconcentrated by diethyldithiocarbamate-modified TiO2 nanoparticles from biological and nature water samples. Intern J Environ Anal Chem 86:431
Ji X, Zhao J, Jiang S (1996) Microwave dissolution samples for metal determination by flame and flame and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. pectrosc Spectr Anal (Chinese 16:58
Matoso E, Kubota L T, Cadore S (2003) Use of silica gel chemically modified with zirconium phosphate for preconcentration and determination of lead and copper by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Talanta 60:1105
Liu R, Liang P (2008) Determination of trace lead in water samples by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry after preconcentration with nanometer titanium dioxide immobilized on silica gel. J Hazard Mater 152:166
Tewari PK, Singh Ajai K (2002) Preconcentration of lead with Amberlite XAD-2 and amberlite XAD-7 based chelating resins for its determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Talanta 56:735
Cesur H (2003) Determination of manganese, copper cadmium and lead by FAAS after solid-phase extraction of their phenylpiperazine dithiocarbamate complexes on activated carbon. Turk J Chem 27:307
Ghaedi M, Ahmadi F, Shokrollahi A (2007) Simultaneous preconcentration and determination of copper, nickel, cobalt and lead ions content by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. J Hazard Mater 142:272
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Electronic Supplementary Material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, L., Zhai, Y., Chang, X. et al. Determination of trace metals in natural samples by ICP-OES after preconcentration on modified silica gel and on modified silica nanoparticles. Microchim Acta 165, 319–327 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-009-0137-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-009-0137-3