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Determination of boron and lithium in ferroelectric samples by ICP-OES and ICP-MS

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Abstract

This work presents a quantitative method for determining boron and lithium content by ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma–Optical Emission Spectrometry) and ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry) techniques using doped BST (BaSrTiO3) as an example material. The analyses were done to pure and doped BST samples before and after sintering. The ICP-OES analyses of the samples before sintering showed the same amounts of Ba, Sr, Ti and Li as were added to the samples, within accurate tolerances. In the case of boron, however, a somewhat lower amount was observed than was added. After sintering in disk and powder states, the volatilization of Li and B were evaluated. The results obtained by ICP-OES and ICP-MS were in close agreement with each other. The small amounts of B and Li could not be determined with X-ray fluorescence. The presented methods thus form novel quantitative ways to evaluate the amount of elements in sintered electroceramic compositions including light elements like B and Li, even with low doping levels added to the powders.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to acknowledge the University of Oulu for funding the multidisciplinary project “Advanced Devices Through Light Element Doping of Electroceramics” and the Academy of Finland for funding the project “Multifunctional Ceramic Packages” (No. 206123). One of the authors, J. Honkamo, acknowledges the financial support received from the Jenny and Antti Wihuri Foundation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland

    Pekka Vuollo, Matti Niemelä & Paavo Perämäki

  2. Microelectronics and Material Physics Laboratories and EMPART Research Group of Infotech Oulu, P.O. Box 4500, 90014, Oulu, Finland

    Johanna Honkamo & Heli Jantunen

Authors
  1. Pekka Vuollo
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  2. Johanna Honkamo
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  3. Matti Niemelä
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  4. Paavo Perämäki
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  5. Heli Jantunen
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Johanna Honkamo.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary Table S1

Two-level factorial design and measured normalized net intensities of each element. (DOC 51.0 kb)

Supplementary Table S2

Instrumental parameters used to investigate the behavior of the emission lines. (DOC 27.0 kb)

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Vuollo, P., Honkamo, J., Niemelä, M. et al. Determination of boron and lithium in ferroelectric samples by ICP-OES and ICP-MS. Microchim Acta 164, 217–224 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-008-0061-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-008-0061-y

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