Abstract
This article presents an experimental investigation on failure strengths and mechanical responses of transversely isotropic slates under the compressive differential cyclic loading. The tests involve five bedding orientations (0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°) and two loading modes. The tests aim to investigate the coupled influence of the distinct loading/unloading rates and bedding orientation on the anisotropic characteristics, incl. the deformability, energy dissipation, damping ratio, phase shift and failure patterns. The results show that both loading modes and bedding angles have impacts on the mechanical responses of slates. Specifically, it is observed that rapid loading and slow unloading result in a higher growth rate of peak/residual strain versus cycle number as well as more intensive energy dissipation, and correspond to more significant phase shift. The influence of bedding angles on energy dissipation and strain is less pronounced compared to the effects of differential cyclic loading. The nuclear magnetic resonance was used to analyze the T2 spectra of the failed samples with different bedding angles.
Highlights
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Rapid loading and slow unloading tend to intensify the phase shift at peak stress, while their effect on minimum stress remains unpronounced.
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Rapid loading and slow unloading tend to cause larger energy dissipation under different bedding angles.
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The modified Jaeger's plane of weakness model can well capture rock strengths across varying bedding angles when subjected to differential cyclic loading.
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Data availability
The datasets used in the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Abbreviations
- DCL:
-
Differential cyclic loading
- JPW:
-
Jaeger's plane of weakness
- TBM:
-
Tunnel boring machine
- SEM:
-
Scanning Electron Microscopy
- XRD:
-
X-Ray Diffraction
- LVDT:
-
Linear variable differential transformer
- RMSE:
-
Root-mean-squared error
- NMR:
-
Nuclear magnetic resonance
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Acknowledgements
This article is funded by NSFC (52204086), Funds from Joint National–Local Engineering Research Center for Safe and Precise Coal Mining (EC2021004).
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This study was funded by NSFC (Grant No. 52204086) and the funds from Joint National-Local Engineering Research Center for Safe and Precise Coal Mining (Grant No. EC2021004).
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Song, Z.Y., Zhang, T., Dang, W.G. et al. Transversely Isotropic Slates Subject to the Compressive Differential Cyclic Loading, Part I: Experimental Investigations. Rock Mech Rock Eng (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-024-03940-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-024-03940-4