Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Characterization and Correlation of Rock Fracture-Induced Electrical Resistance and Acoustic Emission

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Understanding the response mechanism of multiparameter rock fractures can improve the accuracy of crack diagnosis. In this study, three types of rock samples with notches were subjected to three-point bending tests. The fracture morphology was observed using scanning electron microscopy, and real-time resistivity and acoustic emission (AE) data were used to describe the crack propagation. The spatial distribution of the electric potential was simulated based on practical crack morphologies and can explain the correlation between rock fracture and rock resistivity or AE. The results reveal that the initiation and propagation of cracks reconstructs the electrical potential distribution characteristics of the rock samples and changed their overall resistivity. The crack growth rate was proportional to the rate of increase in the resistivity rate, and the resistivity increased with nonuniform crack growth. Crack geometry complexity affected circuit connectivity, and a higher resistivity change rate was typically caused by cracks with more uniform propagation. The resistivity variation had the same trend as the fracture toughness, whereas the AE energy exhibited a similar trend to the fracture energy evolution. The cumulative AE count of the granite fracture was the largest, and the peak AE count of coal was larger than that of sandstone. In the main frequency band of 100 ± 25 kHz, a relatively large AE event occurred during crack initiation, and the AE amplitude of granite was the largest. The primary fracture propagation increased the peak AE count, amplitude, energy, and fracture energy release efficiency. During rock fracture, the opening of a microscopic bedding plane and a matrix fracture results in time-varying resistivity and AE characteristics. The complementary electrical and acoustic parameters help describe the details of crack propagation behaviour.

Highlights

  • Cracks restructure the electrical potential distributions in rock samples and change the resistivity.

  • The acoustic emission (AE) energy exhibits a similar trend to the fracture energy evolution.

  • The relationship between the resistivity and AE is mutually verified and complementary.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20
Fig. 21
Fig. 22

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

All data used during this study are available from the corresponding author by request.

Abbreviations

\(\left| Z \right|\) :

Circuit impedance

U :

The voltage of the circuit

I :

Current

\(\theta\) :

Phase angle

\(R\) :

Resistance

ρ :

Resistivity

S :

Cross-sectional area of the sample

L :

Length of the sample

\(\overrightarrow {J}\) :

Current density

Q j, φ :

Charge

σ :

Electrical conductivity

\(\overrightarrow {E}\) :

Electric field

φ :

Potential

P max :

Peak strength

l :

Effective beam span

h :

Length of the preset notch

t :

Thickness of the sample

H :

Height of the sample

K IC :

Mode I fracture toughness

\(\rho_{{\text{c}}}\) :

Initial resistivity value

\(\rho_{{\text{e}}}\) :

Final resistivity value

\(\rho_{{\text{i}}}\) :

Resistivity change

G :

Load

w :

Displacement

References

  • Backers T, Stanchits S, Dresen G (2005) Tensile fracture propagation and acoustic emission activity in sandstone: the effect of loading rate. Int J Rock Mech Min 42(7–8):1094–1101

    Google Scholar 

  • Beigpour R, Shokrollahi H, Khalili SMR (2021) Experimental and numerical analysis of a biodegradable hybrid composite under tensile and three-point bending tests. Compos Struct 273:114255

    Google Scholar 

  • Blatter D, Naif S, Key K, Ray A (2022) A plume origin for hydrous melt at the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary. Nature 604(7906):491–494

    Google Scholar 

  • Du K, Li X, Tao M, Wang S (2020) Experimental study on acoustic emission (AE) characteristics and crack classification during rock fracture in several basic lab tests. Int J Rock Mech Min 133:104411

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerya TV, Bercovici D, Becker TW (2021) Dynamic slab segmentation due to brittle-ductile damage in the outer rise. Nature 599(7884):245–250

    Google Scholar 

  • Golshani A, Okui Y, Oda M, Takemura T (2006) A micromechanical model for brittle failure of rock and its relation to crack growth observed in triaxial compression tests of granite. Mech Mater 38(4):287–303

    Google Scholar 

  • Golshani A, Oda M, Okui Y, Takemura T, Munkhtogoo E (2007) Numerical simulation of the excavation damaged zone around an opening in brittle rock. Int J Rock Mech Min 44(6):835–845

    Google Scholar 

  • Guo TY, Wong LNY (2020) Microcracking behavior of three granites under mode I loading: insights from acoustic emission. Eng Geol 278:105823

    Google Scholar 

  • Hashida T (1993) Fracture toughness testing of core-based specimens by acoustic emission. Int J Rock Mech Min 30(1):61–69

    Google Scholar 

  • Heng S, Li X, Liu X, Chen Y (2020) Experimental study on the mechanical properties of bedding planes in shale. J Nat Gas Sci Eng 76:103161

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoek E, Martin CD (2014) Fracture initiation and propagation in intact rock-a review. J Rock Mech Geotech Eng 6(4):287–300

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang J, Liao Z, Hu Q, Song Z, Wang X (2022) Fracture mechanism of tight sandstone under high and complex 3-D stress compression: insights from acoustic emission. J Petrol Sci Eng 208:109635

    Google Scholar 

  • Jiang Z, Li Q, Hu Q, Liang Y, Xu Y, Liu L, Wu X, Li X, Wang X, Hu L, Ling F (2020) Acoustic emission characteristics in hydraulic fracturing of stratified rocks: a laboratory study. Powder Technol 371:267–276

    Google Scholar 

  • Ju M, Li X, Li X, Zhang G (2022) A review of the effects of weak interfaces on crack propagation in rock: from phenomenon to mechanism. Eng Fract Mech 263:108297

    Google Scholar 

  • Kourkoulis SK, Pasiou ED, Loukidis A, Stavrakas I, Triantis D (2022) Comparative assessment of criticality indices extracted from acoustic and electrical signals detected in marble specimens. Infrastructures-Base 7(2):15

    Google Scholar 

  • Lacidogna G, Piana G, Carpinteri A (2019) Damage monitoring of three-point bending concrete specimens by acoustic emission and resonant frequency analysis. Eng Fract Mech 210:203–211

    Google Scholar 

  • Lambert V, Lapusta N, Perry S (2021) Propagation of large earthquakes as self-healing pulses or mild cracks. Nature 591(7849):252–258

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee H, Lee J, Oh T (2021) Permeability evaluation for artificial single rock fracture according to geometric aperture variation using electrical resistivity. J Rock Mech Geotech 13(4):787–797

    Google Scholar 

  • Li X, An Z, Zhang Q, Chen X, Ye X, Jia S (2020) Analysis of resistivity anisotropy of loaded coal samples. Adv Mater Sci Eng 2020:1–13

    Google Scholar 

  • Liao ZY, Zhu JB, Tang CA (2019) Numerical investigation of rock tensile strength determined by direct tension, Brazilian and three-point bending tests. Int J Rock Mech Min 115:21–32

    Google Scholar 

  • Lin Q, Fakhimi A, Haggerty M, Labuz JF (2009) Initiation of tensile and mixed-mode fracture in sandstone. Int J Rock Mech Min 46(3):489–497

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu Y, Yang H, Zhang Q, Xiong D (2022) Properties of a shale bedding plane and its influence on the geometric parameters of fracture propagation in volume fracturing. Eng Fract Mech 266:108413

    Google Scholar 

  • Lockner D, Haimson BC (1993) The role of acoustic emission in the study of rock fracture. Int J Rock Mech Min 30(7):883–899

    Google Scholar 

  • Ma D, Wang J, Cai X, Ma X, Zhang J, Zhou Z, Tao M (2019) Effects of height/diameter ratio on failure and damage properties of granite under coupled bending and splitting deformation. Eng Fract Mech 220:106640

    Google Scholar 

  • Mahanta B, Tripathy A, Vishal V, Singh TN, Ranjith PG (2017) Effects of strain rate on fracture toughness and energy release rate of gas shales. Eng Geol 218:39–49

    Google Scholar 

  • Meng Y, Jing H, Liu X, Yin Q, Zhang L, Liu H (2021) Experimental and numerical investigation on the effect of bedding plane properties on fracture behaviour of sandy mudstone. Theor Appl Fract Mech 114:102989

    Google Scholar 

  • Muñoz-Ibáñez A, Delgado-Martín J, Herbón-Penabad M, Alvarellos-Iglesias J (2021) Acoustic emission monitoring of mode I fracture toughness tests on sandstone rocks. J Petrol Sci Eng 205:108906

    Google Scholar 

  • Peng K, Lv H, Zou Q, Wen Z, Zhang Y (2020) Evolutionary characteristics of mode-I fracture toughness and fracture energy in granite from different burial depths under high-temperature effect. Eng Fract Mech 239:107306

    Google Scholar 

  • Qin X, Su H, Feng Y, Zhao H, Pham TN (2022) Fracture and deformation behaviors of saturated and dried single-edge notched beam sandstones under three-point bending based on DIC. Theor Appl Fract Mech 117:103204

    Google Scholar 

  • Ran H, Guo Y, Feng G, Qi T, Du X (2021) Creep properties and resistivity-ultrasonic-AE responses of cemented gangue backfill column under high-stress area. Int J Min Sci Technol 31(3):401–412

    Google Scholar 

  • Rück M, Rahner R, Sone H, Dresen G (2017) Initiation and propagation of mixed mode fractures in granite and sandstone. Tectonophysics 717:270–283

    Google Scholar 

  • Sabri M, Ghazvinian A, Nejati HR (2016) Effect of particle size heterogeneity on fracture toughness and failure mechanism of rocks. Int J Rock Mech Min 81:79–85

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoeckhert F, Molenda M, Brenne S, Alber M (2015) Fracture propagation in sandstone and slate-laboratory experiments, acoustic emissions and fracture mechanics. J Rock Mech Geotech Eng 7(3):237–249

    Google Scholar 

  • Tiwary SN, Mukhdeo (1993) Measurement of electrical resistivity of coal samples. Fuel 72(8):1099–1102

    Google Scholar 

  • Triantis D, Pasiou ED, Stavrakas I, Kourkoulis SK (2022) Hidden affinities between electric and acoustic activities in brittle materials at near-fracture load levels. Rock Mech Rock Eng 55(3):1325–1342

    Google Scholar 

  • Walton G, Lato M, Anschütz H, Perras MA, Diederichs MS (2015) Non-invasive detection of fractures, fracture zones, and rock damage in a hard rock excavation-experience from the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory in Sweden. Eng Geol 196:210–221

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang W, Teng T (2022) Experimental study on anisotropic fracture characteristics of coal using notched semi-circular bend specimen. Theor Appl Fract Mech 122:103559

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Liu Y, Ma H (2012) Changing regularity of rock damage variable and resistivity under loading condition. Saf Sci 50(4):718–722

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang D, Tang H, Shen P, Su X, Huang L (2020) Co-effects of bedding planes and parallel flaws on fracture evolution in anisotropic rocks. Eng Geol 264:105382

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang X, Asem P, Hu C, Labuz JF (2021a) Microcracking in tensile fracture of a brittle rock. Eng Fract Mech 251:107789

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang X, Wang E, Liu X, Zhou X (2021b) Micromechanisms of coal fracture: insights from quantitative AE technique. Theor Appl Fract Mec 114:103000

    Google Scholar 

  • Xie H, Li L, Peng R, Ju Y (2009) Energy analysis and criteria for structural failure of rocks. J Rock Mech Geotech Eng 1(1):11–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Xu Y, Yao W, Xia K (2020) Numerical study on tensile failures of heterogeneous rocks. J Rock Mech Geotech Eng 12(1):50–58

    Google Scholar 

  • Yadav GS, Singh SK (2007) Integrated resistivity surveys for delineation of fractures for ground water exploration in hard rock areas. J Appl Geophys 62(3):301–312

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang S, Chen M, Huang Y, Jing H, Ranjith PG (2020) An experimental study on fracture evolution mechanism of a non-persistent jointed rock mass with various anchorage effects by DSCM, AE and X-ray CT observations. Int J Rock Mech Min 134:104469

    Google Scholar 

  • Yin D, Xu Q (2021) Investigating the damage evolution of sandstone using electrical impedance spectroscopy. Int J Rock Mech Min 144:104817

    Google Scholar 

  • Zeng X, Liu H, Zhu H, Ling C, Liang K, Umar H, Xie Y, Long G, Ma C (2020) Study on damage of concrete under uniaxial compression based on electrical resistivity method. Constr Build Mater 254:119270

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang X, Li Z, Wang X, Wang H, Li B, Niu Y (2022) Thermal effect on the fracture behavior of granite using acoustic emission and digital image correlation: an experimental investigation. Theor Appl Fract Mech 121:103540

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao T, Zhang W, Gu S, Lv Y, Li Z (2020) Study on fracture mechanics of granite based on digital speckle correlation method. Int J Solids Struct 193–194:192–199

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao Y, Sun Z, Teng T, Wang W, Noraei Danesh N, Zhang C (2022a) Comparative study on modes I and II fracture characteristics of bituminous coal using asymmetric semi-circular bend specimen. Theor Appl Fract Mech 120:103377

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao Y, Zheng K, Wang C, Bi J, Zhang H (2022b) Investigation on model-I fracture toughness of sandstone with the structure of typical bedding inclination angles subjected to three-point bending. Theor Appl Fract Mech 119:103327

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou H, Che A (2021) Geomaterial segmentation method using multidimensional frequency analysis based on electrical resistivity tomography. Eng Geol 284:105925

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou Y, Feng X, Xu D, Fan Q (2017) An enhanced equivalent continuum model for layered rock mass incorporating bedding structure and stress dependence. Int J Rock Mech Min 97:75–98

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou Z, Cai X, Ma D, Du X, Chen L, Wang H, Zang H (2019) Water saturation effects on dynamic fracture behavior of sandstone. Int J Rock Mech Min 114:46–61

    Google Scholar 

  • Zuo J, Wei X, Pei J, Zhao X (2015) Investigation of meso-failure behaviors of Jinping marble using SEM with bending loading system. J Rock Mech Geotech Eng 7(5):593–599

    Google Scholar 

  • Zuo J, Lu J, Ghandriz R, Wang J, Li Y, Zhang X, Li J, Li H (2020) Mesoscale fracture behavior of Longmaxi outcrop shale with different bedding angles: experimental and numerical investigations. J Rock Mech Geotech Eng 12(2):297–309

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang G, Xing Y, Wang L (2018) Comprehensive sandstone fracturing characterization: Integration of fiber Bragg grating, digital imaging correlation and acoustic emission measurements. Engineering Geology 246: 45-56

Download references

Acknowledgements

This paper was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52074049). And we sincerely thank the editor and reviewers who improved this paper.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China

    Song Mingyang, Hu Qianting, Liu Huihui, Li Quangui, Zhang Yuebing, Liu Jichuan, Deng Yize, Zheng Xuewen & Wang Mingjie

  2. School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China

    Song Mingyang, Hu Qianting, Liu Huihui, Li Quangui, Zhang Yuebing, Liu Jichuan, Deng Yize, Zheng Xuewen & Wang Mingjie

  3. Chongqing Anbiao Testing and Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chongqing, 401325, China

    Hu Zhifang

  4. China Coal Science and Industry Group Chongqing Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chongqing, 400039, China

    Hu Zhifang

Authors
  1. Song Mingyang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hu Qianting
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Liu Huihui
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Li Quangui
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Zhang Yuebing
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Hu Zhifang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Liu Jichuan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Deng Yize
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Zheng Xuewen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Wang Mingjie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

MS: conceptualization, data curation, writing—original draft, formal analysis, and validation. QH: supervision, conceptualization, and investigation. HL: writing—review and editing, methodology, and validation. QL: methodology, writing—review and editing, funding acquisition, and investigation. YZ: methodology, experiment, and investigation. ZH: methodology and investigation. JL: experiment and investigation. YD: experiment and investigation. XZ: investigation. MW: investigation.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Liu Huihui or Li Quangui.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

The authors declared that they have no conflicts of interest to this work. We declare that we do not have any commercial or associative interest that represents a conflict of interest in connection with the work submitted.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Song, M., Hu, Q., Liu, H. et al. Characterization and Correlation of Rock Fracture-Induced Electrical Resistance and Acoustic Emission. Rock Mech Rock Eng 56, 6437–6457 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-023-03376-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-023-03376-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation