Abstract
Fractures have significant impact on the stability of underground projects such as coal mining. The identification of geological features based on drilling parameters is a promising option for intelligent detection of rock formations. A series of studies conducted to identify fractures under unstable drilling conditions are presented in this paper. First, the forces acting around the drill bit are analyzed to further improve the force model of the two-wing PDC drill bit. Then, based on the self-developed borehole drilling device, the drilling parameters are collected in real time while drilling in concrete of different strengths and different fracture widths. Finally, the response characteristics of drilling parameters are analyzed, and the multi-parameter voting method is proposed for fracture identification. The experimental results show that when fracture width increases, the crushing area, which forms around the borehole when the drill bit encounters the fracture, tends to increase. The rate of penetration (ROP) increases suddenly, the revolution per minute (RPM) decreases, and the torque increases at fracture encounter. The sudden changes are recovered after passing the fracture. The multi-parameter voting method has a high recognition rate for fractures of width greater than 2 mm, but a relatively low recognition rate for fractures of 1 mm width. In addition to detecting fractures, the method performs well in predicting fracture location and fracture width.
Highlights
-
The response characteristics of multiple drilling parameters at the fracture were analyzed.
-
As the thrust (torque) increases, the amount of change in penetration rate caused by the unit change in thrust (torque) decreases.
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Results show that the proposed multi-parameter voting method has a high recognition rate for fractures with width greater than 2 mm.
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Data availability statement
The data are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Abbreviations
- F :
-
Thrust
- T :
-
Torque
- α :
-
The angle between the shear surface of the chipped rock and the horizontal direction
- γ :
-
The angle between the diamond composite sheet and the vertical direction
- F f :
-
The friction between the rock and the top of the bit
- F v :
-
The reaction force on the top of the bit
- F s :
-
The cutting force generated by rotation
- P 1 :
-
The shear force and positive pressure on the shear surface of the chipped rock
- μ :
-
The coefficient of friction between the drill bit and the rock
- F n :
-
The reaction force on the chipped rock
- F 1 :
-
The shear force on the shear surface of the chipped rock
- F 2 :
-
The force on one of the lateral sides of the chipped rock
- R :
-
The borehole radius
- y(t i):
-
The actual sampling point
- D(t m):
-
The drilling parameter index
- t Tq :
-
The midpoint of the time period corresponding to the abnormal torque signal
- Y(t m):
-
The data point on the smoothed curve
- u u :
-
The upper limit
- σ :
-
The square deviation of the sample data
- V :
-
The rate of penetration
- N :
-
The revolution per minute
- β :
-
The angle between the diamond composite sheet and the P
- P :
-
The force of the cutting tooth on the chipped rock
- σ 0 :
-
The stress when the drill bit intrudes into the rock
- φ :
-
The internal friction angle
- c :
-
Cohesion
- \(S^{\prime}\) :
-
The contact area with the rock when the cutting tooth intrudes into the rock
- S 1 :
-
The area of the shear surface of the chipped rock
- g(t m):
-
The data point on the estimated trend line
- S 2 :
-
The area of the lateral surface of the chipped rock
- t Vi :
-
The midpoint of the time period corresponding to the abnormal ROP signal
- S i :
-
The displacement at the moment ti
- V i :
-
The rate of penetration at the moment ti
- λ :
-
The smoothing parameter
- t Np :
-
The midpoint of the time period corresponding to the abnormal RPM signal
- u l :
-
The lower limit
- u 0 :
-
The mean value of the sample data
- λ 0 :
-
The coefficient term
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Acknowledgements
The first author is grateful to the Chinese Scholarship Council for providing scholarships (No. 202006420035). This work was also supported by a grant from the Human Resources Development program (No. 20204010600250) of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP), funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy of the Korean Government.
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Liu, C., Song, JJ., Kim, J. et al. Fracture Identification Under Unstable Drilling Conditions Based on Proposed Multi-parameter Voting Method. Rock Mech Rock Eng 56, 3805–3823 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-023-03262-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-023-03262-x