Abstract
The structural plane has a significant impact on the occurrence of seismic events related to rockburst in underground engineering. To investigate the mechanism of seismic events related to smooth joint, a series of complete and systematic biaxial shearing experiments were performed on a saw-cut bare interface to investigate the instability behaviors under different stress paths. Results indicate that dynamic stick–slip can be a dominant behavior of smooth joint during both loading and unloading processes and the stick–slip behaviors are similar to field seismic events to some extent. Therefore, stick–slip can be considered a viable mechanism for field seismic events associated with smooth joint. Further analysis indicates that the stress paths strikingly affect the sliding mode and intensity of stick–slip events. In detail, loading-caused stick–slip can induce synchronous and rapid slip of the rockmass, while unloading-caused stick–slip only induces local micro-slip and deformation. As a result, the normalized stress drop induced by loading-caused stick–slip is about 40% bigger than the result of unloading-caused stick–slip. Systematic analysis indicates that higher stress and lower loading/unloading rates can result in more intense stick–slip; in particular, the stress drops scale logarithmically with loading/unloading rate. The stick–slip resembles a shear failure in that it releases strain energy in the form of stress pulse with high frequency (up to 90 kHz) and short wavelength (a few centimeters). The findings provide a basis for understanding the mechanism of seismic events and rockburst associated with smooth joints.
Highlights
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Dynamic stick–slip can be a dominant behavior of smooth joint under shear conditions.
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Two kinds of stick–slip are distinguished and their generative mechanism is revealed.
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The influences of stress and loading/unloading rate on both loading and unloading-caused stick–slip are analyzed systematically.
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Similarities between stick–slip and field seismic events are analyzed.
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The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Sichuan Outstanding Young Science and Technology Talent Project (2020JDJQ0032). The authors would like to give thanks to Prof. W. S. Xu and Mr. Z. Wei, C. Y. Liu and M. J. Qi for their suggestions and kind support of the experiment. The authors would also like to acknowledge the anonymous reviewers and Dr. Qianbing Zhang for their constructive comments and thoughtful suggestions.
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ZY contributed to conceptualization, methodology, investigation, and writing of original draft. YF contributed to supervision, funding acquisition, resources, and methodology. RZ contributed to supervision, investigation, and data curation. SP contributed to writing of original draft, and data curation. GZ contributed to supervision, resources, and methodology. TY contributed to investigation, writing during review and editing. CM contributed to supervision and resources.
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Yao, Z., Fang, Y., Zhang, R. et al. The Mechanism of Stick–Slip as a Rockburst Source in Jointed Rockmass: An Experimental Study. Rock Mech Rock Eng 56, 3573–3593 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-023-03220-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-023-03220-7