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Evaluation of the Use of UAV Photogrammetry for Rock Discontinuity Roughness Characterization

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Abstract

This paper describes the results of a field investigation with the objective of evaluating the possibility to produce drone-derived 3D digital point clouds sufficiently dense and accurate to determine discontinuity surface roughness characteristics. A discontinuous rock mass in Italy was chosen as the investigation site and Structure from Motion and Multi-View Stereo techniques adopted for producing three-dimensional point clouds from the two-dimensional image sequences. Since the roughness of discontinuities depends on direction, scale and resolution of the sampling, data were always collected along the maximum slope gradient. The scale effect was evaluated by analysing discontinuity profiles of different lengths (10 cm, 30 cm, 60 cm and 100 cm), with measurements taken from drone flights flown at different distances from the rocky slopes (10 m, 20 m and 30 m). The accuracy of the derived joint roughness coefficients was evaluated by direct comparison with discontinuity profiles measured during fieldwork using conventional techniques and from contemporaneous terrestrial laser scanning. Results from this research show that 3D digital point clouds, derived from the processing of drone-flight images, were successfully used for reliable representation of discontinuity roughness for profiles longer than 60 cm, whereas less reliable results were achieved for shorter profile lengths. This, even if strictly related to this case study since several factors can affect the minimum profile length, represents a significant contribution to improve the knowledge on the use of remotely captured data for characterising the discontinuities in natural or man-made rock outcrops, particularly where access difficulties do not allow conventional engineering-geological surveys to be undertaken.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environment, Earth and Physical Sciences and Centre for GeoTechnologies CGT, University of Siena, Via Vetri Vecchi 34, 52027, San Giovanni Valdarno, AR, Italy

    Riccardo Salvini

  2. CGT SpinOff s.r.l., Via Vetri Vecchi 34, 52027, San Giovanni Valdarno, AR, Italy

    Claudio Vanneschi

  3. Camborne School of Mines, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK

    John S. Coggan

  4. Apex Surveys, Unit 78, Dunboyne Business Park, Dunboyne, Co. Meath, Ireland

    Giovanni Mastrorocco

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  1. Riccardo Salvini
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  2. Claudio Vanneschi
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  4. Giovanni Mastrorocco
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Salvini, R., Vanneschi, C., Coggan, J.S. et al. Evaluation of the Use of UAV Photogrammetry for Rock Discontinuity Roughness Characterization. Rock Mech Rock Eng 53, 3699–3720 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-020-02130-2

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