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Mechanisms of Rockburst Triggered by Slip and Fracture of Coal–Parting–Coal Structure Discontinuities

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Abstract

The existence of parting in coal can contribute to unstable slip and shear failure, and even rockburst of mining faces and sidewalls. In this work, the rockburst triggered by the slip and fracture of coal–parting–coal structure (CPCS) discontinuities subjected to dynamic stress was visually investigated by numerical simulation, and the stress and displacement as well as the corresponding vibration characteristics surrounding the parting during the rockburst were comprehensively analyzed. Eventually, the rockburst triggering mechanism was summarized. As a field testimony for verifying the numerical results, the “11.20” rockburst in the first parting zone of the 1307 working face of the Zhaolou coal mine (ZCM) was investigated in detail by microseismic (MS) tomography. The following main conclusions were obtained: (1) rockburst may be triggered by the slip and fracture of a CPCS subjected to dynamic stress with a violent ejection of a large number of parting fragments at a high speed. The peak particle velocity (PPV) 10 m/s can be regarded as a critical vibration velocity for rockburst warning; (2) during rockburst, the vibration characteristics of different positions surrounding the parting are closely associated with the coal and rock failure caused by the slip and fracture of the parting; and (3) based on the clustering of many high-energy MS sources in the parting zone combined with a high P-wave velocity, velocity gradient, stress concentration and strain energy, it was fully verified that the “11.20” rockburst was triggered by the slip and fracture of the wedge-shaped parting. Additionally, the sudden and sharp rise of the fault total area (FTA) can be regarded as a precursory sign to warn rockburst. The in situ observations lend credence to the numerical simulations.

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Abbreviations

\(\Delta {\sigma _{\text{n}}}\) :

The normal effective stress increment

σ 1 :

The maximum principal stress

τ max :

The shear strength of contact

\({\tau _{\text{s}}}\) :

The shear stress

\(\phi\) :

The friction angle

k n :

The normal stiffness

\({k_{\text{s}}}\) :

The tangential stiffness

\(C\) :

The cohesion

G :

The shear modulus

K :

The bulk modulus

\(\Delta {u_{\text{n}}}\) :

The normal displacement increment

u s :

The tangential displacement

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Acknowledgements

We gratefully wish to acknowledge the collaborative funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51574225), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (YC150001), and a Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Deep Coal Resource Mining (Ministry of Education), School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China

    Cai-Ping Lu, Yang Liu & Heng Zhang

  2. Department of Civil Engineering and Lassonde Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A4, Canada

    Cai-Ping Lu

  3. Center of Rock Mechanics and Geohazards, School of Civils, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312099, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China

    Guang-Jian Liu

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  1. Cai-Ping Lu
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  2. Guang-Jian Liu
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  3. Yang Liu
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  4. Heng Zhang
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Correspondence to Cai-Ping Lu.

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Lu, CP., Liu, GJ., Liu, Y. et al. Mechanisms of Rockburst Triggered by Slip and Fracture of Coal–Parting–Coal Structure Discontinuities. Rock Mech Rock Eng 52, 3279–3292 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-019-01769-w

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