Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Experimental Study on Mechanical and Acoustic Emission Characteristics of Rock-Like Material Under Non-uniformly Distributed Loads

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The mechanical and acoustic emission characteristics of rock-like materials under non-uniform loads were investigated by means of a self-developed mining-induced stress testing system and acoustic emission monitoring system. In the experiments, the specimens were divided into three regions and different initial vertical stresses and stress loading rates were used to simulate different mining conditions. The mechanical and acoustic emission characteristics between regions were compared, and the effects of different initial vertical stresses and different stress loading rates were analysed. The results showed that the mechanical properties and acoustic emission characteristics of rock-like materials can be notably localized. When the initial vertical stress and stress loading rate are fixed, the peak strength of region B is approximately two times that of region A, and the maximum acoustic emission hit value of region A is approximately 1–2 times that of region B. The effects of the initial vertical stress and stress loading rate on the peck strain, maximum hit value, and occurrence time of the maximum hit are similar in that when either of the former increase, the latter all decrease. However, peck strength will increase with the increase in loading rate and decrease with the increase in initial vertical stress. The acoustic emission hits can be used to analyse the damage in rock material, but the number of acoustic emission hits cannot be used alone to determine the degree of rock damage directly.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20
Fig. 21

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

P 1, P 2, P 3, P 4, or P 5 :

One of the vertical stresses of the non-uniformly distributed loads

F 1, F 2, or F 3 :

One of the horizontal stresses of the non-uniformly distributed loads

PAC:

Physical Acoustics Corporation

AE:

Acoustic emission

V:

Stress loading rate

K:

The stop loading threshold of the test machine

\(D\) :

Damage variable

D A :

Damage of region A

D B :

Damage of region B

D u :

Damage critical value

\(\sigma_{0}\) :

Initial vertical stress

\(\sigma_{A}\) :

Stress of region A

\(\sigma_{B}\) :

Stress of region B

\(\sigma_{P}\) :

Peak strength

\(\sigma_{c}\) :

Residual strength

T PA :

The time of occurrence of the maximum number of hits of region A

T PB :

The time of occurrence of the maximum number of hits of region B

C d :

The total number of acoustic emission hits from a specimen in a certain (short) amount of time

\(C\) :

The total number of acoustic emission hits counted for a specimen that has been completely damaged

\(E\) :

Elastic modulus of an intact specimen

\(\varepsilon\) :

Strain

References

  • Aggelis DG (2011) Classification of cracking mode in concrete by acoustic emission parameters. Mech Res Commun 38(3):153–157

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arora S, Mishra B (2015) Investigation of the failure mode of shale rocks in biaxial and triaxial compression tests. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 79:109–123

    Google Scholar 

  • Fakhimi A, Hemami B (2015) Axial splitting of rocks under uniaxial compression. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 79:124–134

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghamgosar M, Erarslan N (2016) Experimental and numerical studies on development of fracture process zone (FPZ) in rocks under cyclic and static loadings. Rock Mech Rock Eng 49(3):893–908

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ishida T, Kanagawa T, Kanaori Y (2010) Source distribution of acoustic emissions during an in situ direct shear test: implications for an analog model of seismogenic faulting in an inhomogeneous rock mass. Eng Geol 110(3–4):66–76

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iturrioz I, Lacidogna G, Carpinteri A (2013) Acoustic emission detection in concrete specimens: experimental analysis and lattice model simulations. Int J Damage Mech 23(3):327–358

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang LS, Sainoki A, Mitri HS et al (2016) Influence of fracture-induced weakening on coal mine gateroad stability. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 88:307–317

    Google Scholar 

  • Kachanov LM (1958) Time rupture process under creep conditions. Izvestia Akademii Nauk SSSR, Otdelenie Tekhnicheskich Nauk 12(8):26–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim J, Yi J, Kim J et al (2013) Fatigue life prediction methodology using entropy index of stress interaction and crack severity index of effective stress. Int J Damage Mech 22(3):375–392

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kong B, Wang E, Li Z et al (2016) Fracture mechanical behavior of sandstone subjected to high-temperature treatment and its acoustic emission characteristics under uniaxial compression conditions. Rock Mech Rock Eng 49(12):4911–4918

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kupchella R, Stowe D, Xiao X et al (2015) Incorporation of material variability in the johnson cook model. Procedia Eng 103:318–325

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lavrov A (2003) The Kaiser effect in rocks: principles and stress estimation techniques. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 40(2):151–171

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lockner D (1993) The role of acoustic emission in the study of rock fracture. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech Abstr 30(7):883–899

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meng QB, Zhang MW, Han LJ et al (2016) Effects of acoustic emission and energy evolution of rock specimens under the uniaxial cyclic loading and unloading compression. Rock Mech Rock Eng 49(10):3873–3886

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mizuno M, Okayasu M, Odagiri N (2010) Damage evaluation of piezoelectric ceramics from the variation of the elastic coefficient under static compressive stress. Int J Damage Mech 19(3):375–390

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mohamed KM, Murphy MM, Lawson HE et al (2016) Analysis of the current rib support practices and techniques in U.S. coal mines. Int J Min Sci Technol 26(1):77–87

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moradian ZA, Ballivy G, Rivard P et al (2010) Evaluating damage during shear tests of rock joints using acoustic emissions. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 47(4):590–598

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murti V, Zhang W, Valliappan S (1991) Stress invariants in an orthotropic damage space. Eng Fract Mech 40(6):985–990

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peng SS (1986) Coal mine ground control, 2nd edn. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Přikryl R, Lokajíček T, Li C et al (2003) Acoustic emission characteristics and failure of uniaxially stressed granitic rocks: the effect of rock fabric. Rock Mech Rock Eng 36(4):255–270

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rabotnov YN (1969) Creep rupture. Applied mechanics. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, pp 342–349

    Google Scholar 

  • Rezaei M, Hossaini MF, Majdi A (2015) Determination of longwall mining-induced stress using the strain energy method. Rock Mech Rock Eng 48(6):2421–2433

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rudajev V, Vilhelm J, Lokajı́Ček T (2000) Laboratory studies of acoustic emission prior to uniaxial compressive rock failure. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 37(4):699–704

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shkuratnik VL, Filimonov YL, Kuchurin SV (2005) Regularities of acoustic emission in coal samples under triaxial compression. J Min Sci 41(1):44–52

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tham LG, Liu H, Tang CA et al (2005) On tension failure of 2-D rock specimens and associated acoustic emission. Rock Mech Rock Eng 38(1):1–19

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang X, Wen ZJ, Jiang YJ (2016) Time–space effect of stress field and damage evolution law of compressed coal-rock. Geotech Geol Eng 34(6):1933–1940

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wasantha PL, Ranjith PG, Shao SS (2014) Energy monitoring and analysis during deformation of bedded-sandstone: use of acoustic emission. Ultrasonics 54(1):217–226

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yasitli NE, Unver B (2005) 3D numerical modeling of longwall mining with top-coal caving. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 42(2):219–235

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Q, Zhang XP (2017) A numerical study on cracking processes in limestone by the b-value analysis of acoustic emissions. Comput Geotech 92:1–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang XP, Zhang Q, Wu SC (2017) Acoustic emission characteristics of the rock-like material containing a single flaw under different compressive loading rates. Comput Geotech 83:83–97

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zong YJ, Han LJ, Wei JJ et al (2016) Mechanical and damage evolution properties of sandstone under triaxial compression. Int J Min Sci Technol 26(4):601–607

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51304126), the Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation (No. 141046), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2013M541918), the State Key Laboratory of Open Funds (No. SKLGDUEK1520, No. MDPC201703), the Tai’shan Scholar Engineering Construction Fund of Shandong Province of China, the Tai’shan Scholar Talent Team Support Plan for Advanced and Unique Discipline Areas, and the State Key Research Development Programme of China (No. 2016YFC0600708).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-founded by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China

    Xiao Wang, Zhijie Wen & Yujing Jiang

  2. State Key Laboratory for GeoMechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, 100083, China

    Zhijie Wen

  3. School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China

    Xiao Wang

  4. Kiso-Jiban Consultants Co., Ltd., Tokyo, 136-8577, Japan

    Hao Huang

Authors
  1. Xiao Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Zhijie Wen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yujing Jiang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Hao Huang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zhijie Wen.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wang, X., Wen, Z., Jiang, Y. et al. Experimental Study on Mechanical and Acoustic Emission Characteristics of Rock-Like Material Under Non-uniformly Distributed Loads. Rock Mech Rock Eng 51, 729–745 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-017-1363-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-017-1363-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation